Stable sodium metal anodes with a high utilization enabled by an interfacial layer composed of yolk–shell nanoparticles

Zhu, Nanhe; Mao, Xiaoge; Wang, Guangyao; Zhu, Ming; Wang, Hongyong; Xu, Gang; Wu, Minghong; Liu, Huan; Dou, Shi Xue; Wu, Chao

doi:10.1039/d1ta01800k

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Such versatile strategy is in sharp contrast to the template-assisted etching or postloading pathways (fig. S1 and table S1), which are hindered by tedious multistep procedures with high cost ( 17 , 38 – 41 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S28). Most of the reported durability for Na anode is limited to 2000 hours with a few around 4000 hours ( 13 , 17 , 18 ). Our unprecedented long-term cycling of 7000 hours is thus a record value ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weak sodiophilic affinity and the large size of nucleation sites pose key limitations with high nucleation barrier, large volume variation, and thus nucleation particle pulverization during cycling. This would result in low plating/stripping capacity, reduced cycling stability, and low Na utilization ratio [depth of discharge (DOD)], giving rise to huge Na source waste, limited energy density, and even safety hazards ( 17 – 19 ). Therefore, exploring rational strategies of engineering sodiophilic nucleation site to circumvent the imperative hurdles of Na anode is thus highly desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the essential reasons for the above paradox is the large volume variation involved in the alloying/dealloying process, resulting in the nucleation site pulverization and thus the interphase decay on cycling, particularly for those large-size ones ( 24 , 27 ). Downsizing sodiophilic nucleation sites helps to mitigate the volume variation and guarantee interphase stability for improved performances, such as a DOD of up to 67%, a capacity of 4 mAh cm −2 , and prolonged cycling (≤1600 hours) ( 17 , 18 ). However, these reduced nucleation sites were usually supported on exposed surfaces and sometimes with self-agglomeration, giving rise to nonuniform nucleation with dendrite growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we propose a facile design of spatially confined atomic Sn in hollow carbon nanospheres (At-Sn@HCN) as a robust nucleation site for homogeneous nucleation and dendrite-free growth. At-Sn@HCN is prepared via one-pot aqueous micelle-interfacial copolymerization followed by in situ carbothermal reduction, bypassing the complicated template-assisted etching approach ( 17 , 38 – 41 ). The well-dispersed atomic Sn maximizes Sn utilization as a nucleation site, while micropore confinement alleviates volume variation and agglomeration, and thus reversible and complete alloying-dealloying can be achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Atomic Sn–enabled high-utilization, large-capacity, and long-life Na anode

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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Constructing robust nucleation sites with an ultrafine size in a confined environment is essential toward simultaneously achieving superior utilization, high capacity, and long-term durability in Na metal-based energy storage, yet remains largely unexplored. Here, we report a previously unexplored design of spatially confined atomic Sn in hollow carbon spheres for homogeneous nucleation and dendrite-free growth. The designed architecture maximizes Sn utilization, prevents agglomeration, mitigates volume variation, and allows complete alloying-dealloying with high-affinity Sn as persistent nucleation sites, contrary to conventional spatially exposed large-size ones without dealloying. Thus, conformal deposition is achieved, rendering an exceptional capacity of 16 mAh cm −2 in half-cells and long cycling over 7000 hours in symmetric cells. Moreover, the well-known paradox is surmounted, delivering record-high Na utilization (e.g., 85%) and large capacity (e.g., 8 mAh cm −2 ) while maintaining extraordinary durability over 5000 hours, representing an important breakthrough for stabilizing Na anode.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Atomic Sn–enabled high-utilization, large-capacity, and long-life Na anode

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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3D Sb‐Based Composite Framework with Gradient Sodiophilicity for Ultrastable Sodium Metal Anodes

Qin

Tian

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Sodium (Na) dendrites, as the ringleader for triggering safety concerns, have restricted the practical application of sodium metal batteries (SMBs). The fundamental reason is due to the high activity of Na metal anodes, which can continuously induce the interfacial side reactions and Na dendrites growth, resulting in rapid capacity deterioration, low Coulombic efficiency, and even internal short‐circuit. In order to enhance the safety and stability of SMBs, a flexible 3D hollow porous carbon nanofiber framework embedded with Sb nanoparticles (Sb@HPCNF) is reported by integrating interface chemistry and structural engineering. The 3D Sb@HPCNF framework with gradient sodiophilicity can maintain highly reversible Na plating–stripping cycles at 5 mA cm−2 for >550 h and possesses a low overpotential of 24 mV. In addition, the full‐cells using Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode and Sb@HPCNF‐Na anode exhibit impressive long‐term cycling stability and excellent high‐rate performance. This study provides a new insight on constructing functionalized 3D composite framework with gradient sodiophilicity toward next‐generation high‐safety and high‐energy SMBs.

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Long Cycle Life and High‐Rate Sodium Metal Batteries Enabled by an Active/Inactive Co‐Sn alloy Interface

Huang

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Sodium‐metal batteries (SMBs) are considered as a promising route to realize a high energy density battery, showing potential for applications in large‐scale energy storage. However, the cycling stability and reversibility of the Na‐metal anode suffer from significant challenges because of the growth of Na dendrites. This study reports an active/inactive Co‐Sn alloy interface to suppress the growth of Na dendrites under harsh test conditions. In this interface, Sn provides abundant nucleation sites and Co plays a synergistic role in alleviating volume variation of Sn nanoparticles and increasing the interaction between Na and substrate, significantly promoting the uniform Na deposition and preventing the Na plating from the root of the deposited Na. Under High‐current‐density (12 mA cm−2) with a high depth of discharge (DOD, 66.67%), Na||Na can achieve stable cycling for over 4200 h at 4 mA h cm−2. When paired with a high‐loading NaTi2(PO4)3 cathode (10 mg cm−2), SMB delivers an excellent performance (800 cycles) at a negative‐to‐positive electrode capacity (N/P) ratio up to 2.

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Stable sodium metal anodes with a high utilization enabled by an interfacial layer composed of yolk–shell nanoparticles

Abstract: Metallic sodium (Na) has been regarded as a promising anode for high energy rechargeable batteries owing to its high theoretical specific capacity, low redox potential, and abundant resource. However, Na...

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

Atomic Sn–enabled high-utilization, large-capacity, and long-life Na anode

Atomic Sn–enabled high-utilization, large-capacity, and long-life Na anode

3D Sb‐Based Composite Framework with Gradient Sodiophilicity for Ultrastable Sodium Metal Anodes

Long Cycle Life and High‐Rate Sodium Metal Batteries Enabled by an Active/Inactive Co‐Sn alloy Interface

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