Stamen ontogeny in the temperature‐sensitive ‘stamenless‐2’ mutant of tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> L.)

Polowick, P. L.; Bolaria, Roxana; Sawhney, V. K.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00494.x

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The phenotypes of both the sl‐2 and pat mutations have been previously documented in detail by SEM analysis (Mazzucato et al 1998, Polowick et al 1990). Compared with the WT (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Characterization of genes controlling stamen identity and development in a parthenocarpic tomato mutant indicates a role for the DEFICIENS ortholog in the control of fruit set

Mazzucato

Olimpieri

Siligato

et al. 2008

Physiologia Plantarum

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The development of the ovary into a fruit depends on pollination and fertilization. It has been proposed that the restriction of ovary growth before pollination is because of the stamens acting as negative regulators. Accordingly, the silencing of genes responsible for stamen identity has been correlated with parthenocarpy in different species. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) parthenocarpic fruit (pat) mutation associates autonomous ovary development with homeotic transformation of the anthers and aberrancy of ovules in the ovary. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that stamen aberrations and parthenocarpy in pat are driven by cues coming from the altered expression of class B MADS box genes. The data showed that the Pat locus is not allelic to either of the two tomato mutations putatively involved in the B function, stamenless (sl)-2 and pistillate (pi) or to genes encoding class B transcription factors. Whereas pat pi double mutants were not recovered because of tight linkage, pat sl-2 double mutants showed mainly epistatic effects. The developmental regulation of the Sl DEFICIENS (DEF) gene in the wild-type (WT) at anthesis as well as its differential transcription in the pat ovary suggest that it plays a role in the control of ovary growth. Accordingly, when compared with the WT, the gene was also differentially expressed in the parthenocarpic fruit-2 (pat-2) mutant, that is not allelic to pat and has normal ovule development. Altogether the results indicate that in tomato SlDEF plays a role in the control of ovary growth and that the pat mutation is located upstream of this regulatory cascade.

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“…The phenotypes of both the sl‐2 and pat mutations have been previously documented in detail by SEM analysis (Mazzucato et al 1998, Polowick et al 1990). Compared with the WT (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Characterization of genes controlling stamen identity and development in a parthenocarpic tomato mutant indicates a role for the DEFICIENS ortholog in the control of fruit set

Mazzucato

Olimpieri

Siligato

et al. 2008

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…These structures then were transferred to 3% glutaraldehyde (same buffer as above) for a minimum of 3 h and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (same buffer as above, but no Suc). Samples were dehydrated on ice through a graded acetone series (Polowick et al, 1990). After critical-point drying, the microspores/embryos were mounted and sputter coated with gold.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcript Profiling and Identification of Molecular Markers for Early Microspore Embryogenesis inBrassica napus

et al. 2007

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Isolated microspores of Brassica napus are developmentally programmed to form gametes; however, microspores can be reprogrammed through stress treatments to undergo appropriate divisions and form embryos. We are interested in the identification and isolation of factors and genes associated with the induction and establishment of embryogenesis in isolated microspores. Standard and normalized cDNA libraries, as well as subtractive cDNA libraries, were constructed from freshly isolated microspores (0 h) and microspores cultured for 3, 5, or 7 d under embryogenesis-inducing conditions. Library comparison tools were used to identify shifts in metabolism across this time course. Detailed expressed sequence tag analyses of 3 and 5 d cultures indicate that most sequences are related to pollen-specific genes. However, semiquantitative and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses at the initial stages of embryo induction also reveal expression of embryogenesis-related genes such as BABYBOOM1, LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), and LEC2 as early as 2 to 3 d of microspore culture. Sequencing results suggest that embryogenesis is clearly established in a subset of the microspores by 7 d of culture and that this time point is optimal for isolation of embryo-specific expressed sequence tags such as ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3, ATS1, LEC1, LEC2, and FUSCA3. Following extensive polymerase chain reaction-based expression profiling, 16 genes were identified as unequivocal molecular markers for microspore embryogenesis in B. napus. These molecular marker genes also show expression during zygotic embryogenesis, underscoring the common developmental pathways that function in zygotic and gametic embryogenesis. The quantitative expression values of several of these molecular marker genes are shown to be predictive of embryogenic potential in B. napus cultivars (e

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“…This defect in floral meristem finally caused longitudinal cracks on the surface of the parthenocarpic fruit. Stamenless mutant was characterized as reduced and stunted stamens which led to the transformation of stamen into carpel structure [38,39]. The similar defects in slf mutant suggest that SLGT11 could function in the same pathway as these previously reported genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Growing in summer when the temperature in green house was higher than the standard condition, the stamens were hardly visible in slf mutants and the defective flowers with ectopic floral meristem became increased (not show). Because temperature can play a role in the development of stamen and carpel in male-sterile stamenless-2 [38], meanwhile, the floral reversion is relate to temperature, we tested if the SLGT11 function is also influenced by temperature. To that end, we germinated WT and slf mutant seeds at 25 °C for 4 weeks, followed by the growth in a heated incubator (37 °C daytime/ 28 °C at night) for 20 days.…”

Section: High Temperature Inhibited Slgt11 and Tm29 Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Development of stamen and carpel has drawn particular attention as the regulation of these two floral parts is important for breeding. In tomato, stamenless mutants were identified to have mutations in B class genes, affecting stamen and carpel development [36][37][38]. In other species, stamenless1(sl1) mutant exhibiting homeotic conversions of lodicules and stamens to palea/lemma like organs and carpels, which were found to resemble the B-class gene spw1 mutant in rice [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SLGT11 Controls Floral Organ Patterning and Floral Meristem Termination in Tomato

Yang

touqeer

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Flower development affects fruit production directly in tomato. Despite the framework mediated by ABC genes have been established in Arabidopsis, the spatiotemporal precision of floral development in tomato has not been well examined.Results: Here, we analyzed a novel tomato mutant in which the normal development of stamens and carpels failed, resulting in ectopic formation of floral and shoot apical meristem in the fourth whorl position, which later developed into stem-and leaf-like structures. Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA), we assigned the causal mutation to the gene SLGT11 that encodes a transcription factor belonging to Trihelix gene family. Further RNAi silencing of SLGT11 verified the defective phenotypes of slf mutant. The failed termination of floral meristem and the occurrence of floral reversion in slf mutant indicate that SLGT11 functions as a non-canonical C type gene. Furthermore, we found that the defects in slf were substantially enhanced at higher temperature, with petals transformed into sepals, all stamens disappeared, and increased frequency of ectopic floral meristem. Conclusions: Together with the spatiotemporal expression pattern, we suggest that SLGT11 functions in floral organ patterning and termination of floral meristem identity in tomato. Arabidopsis, the activity of floral meristem is maintained through the WUSCHEL-CLAVATA (WUS-CLV) signaling pathway until carpel primordial is initiated [1]. In later stage of flower development (starting from stage), AGAMOUS (AG) represses WUS through activating KNUCKLES (KNU) directly in floral meristem to ensure the correct progression of further floral development [2, 3]. A large number of regulators such as PAN, ULT1, RBL, SQN, SUP, SEP3, ARF3, MIF and CRC, participate in floral regulation by direct or indirect regulation of WUS activity [4-13]. These regulators form the complex network interplaying with plant hormones during the floral development. It was found that ARF3 is regulated by auxin, AG and AP2 in developing flowers, which represses cytokinin activity to inhibit 3 WUS [14]. The mechanisms of floral development could also be conserved among species. For example, it was found KNU interacts with MIF to regulate WUS expression and this mechanism is conservative between Arabidopsis and tomato [12]. Flower reversion is an unusual process in which the committed flower development is reverted back to vegetative growth, resulting in outgrowth of leaf or inflorescence structures emerged from the first flower [1]. This phenomenon is often related to varied environmental conditions, such as temperature and photoperiod. For example, such floral reversion was observed in lfy-6 and ag-1 mutants of Arabidopsis grown in short days [15]. Besides over expression of AGL24 also causes ectopic inflorescence development [16]. Floral reversion was also observed in the natural allopolyploid Arabidopsis suecica, in which abnormal expression of floral genes, including AGL24, AP1, SVP and SOC1 was detected [17, 18]. Unlike Arabidopsis, LFY, TFL1...

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Stamen ontogeny in the temperature‐sensitive ‘stamenless‐2’ mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Characterization of genes controlling stamen identity and development in a parthenocarpic tomato mutant indicates a role for the DEFICIENS ortholog in the control of fruit set

Characterization of genes controlling stamen identity and development in a parthenocarpic tomato mutant indicates a role for the DEFICIENS ortholog in the control of fruit set

Transcript Profiling and Identification of Molecular Markers for Early Microspore Embryogenesis inBrassica napus

SLGT11 Controls Floral Organ Patterning and Floral Meristem Termination in Tomato

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