Standardized Method of Aerosol Challenge for Testing the Efficacy of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccines

Kg, Whithear; Ke, Harrigan; Sh, Kleven

doi:10.2307/1592277

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Chickens were challenged by aerosol with M. gallisepticum for 10 min in an isolation chamber as described previously (Whithear et al, 1996). As previous studies have shown that exposure to media alone has no effect upon the respiratory tract (Whithear et al, 1996), control birds were left unchallenged.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocytic infiltration in the chicken trachea in response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection

et al. 2000

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A prominent feature of disease induced by Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a lymphoproliferative response in the respiratory tract. Although this is also seen in other mycoplasma infections, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the phenotype of the lymphocytes infiltrating the respiratory tract has not been determined. In this study, the numbers and distribution of lymphocytes in the tracheas of chickens infected with a virulent strain of M. gallisepticum were examined. Three groups of chickens were experimentally infected with M. gallisepticum and three unchallenged groups were used as controls. One infected and one control group were culled at 1, 2 and 3 weeks post infection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocytic infiltration in the chicken trachea in response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection

et al. 2000

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“…Routes of infection include aerosol, eye drop, intranasal, intratracheal, direct air sac injection, and spray application (Rodriguez & Kleven, 1980;Lin & Kleven, 1982;Levisohn et al, 1983;Levisohn & Dykstra, 1987;Nunoya et al, 1987;Naylor et al, 1992;Whithear et al, 1996;Ganapathy & Bradbury, 1998;Kollias et al, 2004;Feberwee et al, 2005). Co-infectious agents, including Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Escherichia coli, have also been used to study their effects on or the enhancement of the disease process (Rodriguez & Kleven, 1980;Bradbury, 1984;Nakamura et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of infection route and concurrent infectious bronchitis virus vaccination onMycoplasma gallisepticumdisease pathology in an experimental model

et al. 2012

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The study of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection is needed, not only to understand the disease process but also to understand the mechanisms by which MG vaccines protect the host. Many model systems have been used to study the MG disease process. This work compared two different routes of infection (intratracheal versus eye drop) in commercial pullets, looking for differences in the pathology (air sac and tracheal lesion scores, and tracheal mucosal thickness) and the humoral immune response (measured by serum plate agglutination) of the host. The impact of concurrent infectious bronchitis virus vaccination on disease outcomes was also determined. Results showed that the intratracheal route of MG infection caused increased air sac and tracheal lesion scores and tracheal mucosal thickness at one week post infection, whereas the eye drop route produced no noticeable pathology. However, tracheal mucosal thicknesses of intratracheally challenged pullets were not statistically different from those of the eye drop challenged or control pullets at two and three weeks post infection. Concurrent infectious bronchitis virus vaccination had a negligible outcome on disease pathology. Vaccination of specific-pathogen-free chickens with the F-strain MG vaccine completely protected them against the effects of MG intratracheal infectious challenge, as evidenced by a lack of significant difference in air sac and tracheal lesion scores and tracheal mucosal thickness with those of unchallenged media control chickens.

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“…The droplet size delivered by this apparatus has been determined previously as between 1 and 10 μm, with the majority of particles <5 μm at an air flow of 15 l/min (Whithear et al, 1996). Aerosols of M. gallisepticum delivered to chickens using this method have induced lesions consistently in the air sacs and the trachea, indicating that there is infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract (Whithear et al, 1990(Whithear et al, , 1996Gaunson et al, 2000Gaunson et al, , 2006. The strain comparison study described here was carried out in order to identify the more appropriate strain for the infection model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following day, all of the birds were wing-tagged for identification and weighed. At day 0, the turkeys in the negative control group were exposed to MB using a nebulizer to deliver an aerosol into a cylindrical infection chamber (Whithear et al, 1996). Turkeys in the second group were exposed to an aerosol of a culture containing 7.06 × 10 8 colour-changing units (CCU)/ml M. gallisepticum Ap3AS and those in the third group to an aerosol of a culture containing 1.0 × 10 8 CCU/ml M. gallisepticum 100809/31.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To demonstrate the safety and efficacy of any vaccine candidate, a reproducible infection model is needed, such as the aerosol exposure method developed in our laboratory previously to test vaccine safety and efficacy in chickens using the M. gallisepticum Ap3AS wild-type strain (Whithear et al, 1990(Whithear et al, , 1996. Such a model has not been developed for turkeys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of aMycoplasma gallisepticuminfection model in turkeys

et al. 2015

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes chronic respiratory disease in chickens and is also highly pathogenic in turkeys. Several live attenuated M. gallisepticum vaccines are available for prevention of disease in chickens but they are considered to be either not safe or not efficacious in turkeys. The studies presented here aimed to develop a suitable infection model in turkeys, a prerequisite for development of a vaccine against M. gallisepticum for turkeys. Two wild-type Australian M. gallisepticum strains, Ap3AS and 100809/31, were used and their capacity to induce lesions was evaluated in 5-week-old to 6-week-old turkeys exposed to aerosols of these strains. Gross air sac lesion scores in the group exposed to Ap3AS were significantly greater than those in the group exposed to 100809/31 (P < 0.05). Histological tracheal lesion scores and tracheal mucosal thicknesses were significantly greater in birds exposed to either strain than in the unexposed birds (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed between the two infected groups. In a subsequent experiment, 6-week-old to 7-week-old turkeys were exposed to different doses of M. gallisepticum Ap3AS. Serology and M. gallisepticum re-isolation performed 14 days after infection showed that all birds exposed to Ap3AS were positive by rapid serum agglutination and by culture. Gross air sac lesion scores in the groups exposed to the highest dose, 8.17 × 10 8 colour-changing units Ap3AS/ml, as well as a 10-fold lower dose were significantly more severe than in the uninfected control group. Lesion scores and tracheal mucosal thicknesses were significantly greater in birds exposed to Ap3AS than in the unexposed birds (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were seen in tracheal mucosal thicknesses or lesion scores between the groups exposed to the different doses of Ap3AS. This study has established a reliable challenge model for M. gallisepticum infection in turkeys, which will be useful for evaluation of potential M. gallisepticum vaccine candidates for this species.

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Standardized Method of Aerosol Challenge for Testing the Efficacy of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccines

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Lymphocytic infiltration in the chicken trachea in response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection

Lymphocytic infiltration in the chicken trachea in response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection

Effect of infection route and concurrent infectious bronchitis virus vaccination onMycoplasma gallisepticumdisease pathology in an experimental model

Development of aMycoplasma gallisepticuminfection model in turkeys

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