Standardized Positioning Is Essential for Precise Determination of Body Composition Using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Dogs

Raffan, Eleanor; Holden, Shelley L.; Cullingham, Fay; Hackett, Rachel; Rawlings, John M.; German, Alexander J.

doi:10.1093/jn/136.7.1976s

Cited by 49 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…14 Furthermore, bias could be attributed to DEXA machine, computer software, or protocol differences between this and other studies. 7,29,30 However, in earlier validation studies 7,8 of the use of DEXA to measure body composition in dogs, DEXA results correlated well with the postmortem total body biochemical analysis, total body mass (r = 1), lean tissue mass (r = 0.99), total body water (r = 0.992), and fat mass (r = 0.982) and there was good reproducibility (coefficients of variance = 0.16% to 5.58%, depending on the variable measured). Of the various tissues quantified by use of the DEXA method, measures for fat mass had the lowest correlation to postmortem chemical analysis and the highest variation in repeated measurements (remaining, however, at < 6%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors important for precision and variation are hydration status and subject positioning. 7,29 To minimize measurement variation in the present study, all cats received fluids at a standard rate for 14 to 16 hours before DEXA scanning, and the positioning was standardized. There was no difference in DEXA values between 2 ventral recumbency positions in a small number of cats in preliminary testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of a nine-point body condition scoring system in physically inactive pet cats

Bjørnvad¹,

Nielsen²,

Armstrong³

et al. 2011

ajvr

132

107

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a nine-point body condition scoring system in physically inactive pet cats

Bjørnvad¹,

Nielsen²,

Armstrong³

et al. 2011

ajvr

132

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The DXA method is less expensive than comparable slaughter techniques and reduces the error due to individual variability (Suster et al, 2006). Furthermore, DXA provides high reproducibility and minimizes operator effect (Raffan et al, 2006;Suster et al, 2006;Kipper et al, 2015). In addition, operator bias is usually high in the dissection of small (young) pigs, but this effect is not observed with DXA, in which accuracy is independent of animal size (Mitchell et al, 1998).…”

Section: Dissected Carcass Tissues Vs Dxa Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in our study, reproducibility was always greater than repeatability, but an interesting finding was that small ROI presented higher CV and, therefore, ROI size needs to be established in accordance with the coveted precision of the measurement. Raffan et al (2006) scanned ten dogs six times each, alternating between dorsal and lateral recumbency to determine the precision of body composition measurements in dogs. This study demonstrated that DXA is a precise method of body composition analysis in dogs.…”

Section: Accuracy Repeatability and Reproducibility Of Dxa Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in non-ruminant nutrition research

2017

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-Precise body composition measurements are essential in animal nutrition studies because the impact of treatments is evaluated based on changes in body weight and composition. Various indirect techniques for animal compositional evaluation have been developed and evaluated for applicability in animal nutrition studies. A fast, accurate, minimally invasive method that requires little input is considered the ideal for providing information about the animal. Measurements obtained by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are highly correlated with those obtained by chemical analysis and dissection. The algorithms of DXA software partition the six chemical components of the body (lipids, water, proteins, carbohydrates, non-bone mineral, and bone mineral) into three compartments (total body mineral content, fat mass, and lean mass). Questions have been raised about how this partitioning affects the precision of the DXA method. In addition, the relationship between the DXA measurements and dissected carcass tissues is nonrepresentational of the relationship between DXA and chemical analysis. Furthermore, since DXA devices and their software were developed primarily for human medicine, they may not be fully adequate for animal evaluation. Calibration is required to obtain true values. The DXA method has some advantages and disadvantages that should be identified and controlled before calibration. Nonetheless, DXA is a valuable tool that provides precise, repeatable body composition measurements of live monogastric animals and their carcasses.

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“…17 Dogs were either sedated (if DXA alone was performed) or anesthetized (if required for additional procedures, such as radiographic studies, surgery, routine dentistry), and scanned in dorsal recumbency, as previously described. 17 Purpose-designed computer software d was used for data analysis.…”

Section: Assessment Of Weight and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Energy Restriction and Successful Weight Loss in Obese Client-Owned Dogs

et al. 2007

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Background: Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs. Although weight loss by dietary caloric energy restriction is successful in experimental studies, there is limited information on success of such programs in client-owned dogs who are obese. Further, no information currently exists on the changes in body composition during weight loss in clinical cases.Hypothesis: Key determinants of outcome of weight loss, including energy allocation and body composition, are influenced by both individual and weight program factors.Animals: Nineteen client-owned dogs with naturally occurring obesity. Methods: In this prospective clinical study, body composition was quantified by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after weight loss on an individually tailored program that incorporated a high-protein and moderate-fiber diet.Results: Mean percentage weight loss was 18% (range, 6-29%), and mean rate of weight loss was 0.85% per week (range, 0.35-1.56%). Mean energy allocation required to achieve weight loss was 60% of maintenance energy requirement at target weight (MERTW) (range, 50-82%). Significant dietary noncompliance was reported (mean, 1.0% MERTW; range, 0.0-9.5%). The mean composition of tissue lost was 84 : 15 : 1 (fat : lean : bone mineral content [BMC]). Lean tissue loss was positively associated with overall percentage of weight loss (Pearson correlation coefficient [R p ] 5 0.591, P 5 .008), whereas BMC loss was greater in retrievers compared with other breeds (1.9% 6 1.16% versus 0.8% 6 0.44%; P 5 .008).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This clinical study demonstrated body composition changes during weight loss in dogs. Conventional programs produced safe weight loss, but marked energy restriction was required and the rate of loss was slower than in experimental studies.

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Standardized Positioning Is Essential for Precise Determination of Body Composition Using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Dogs

Cited by 49 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of a nine-point body condition scoring system in physically inactive pet cats

Evaluation of a nine-point body condition scoring system in physically inactive pet cats

Use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in non-ruminant nutrition research

Dietary Energy Restriction and Successful Weight Loss in Obese Client-Owned Dogs

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