Staphylococcal exotoxins exert proinflammatory effects through inhibition of eosinophil apoptosis, increased surface antigen expression (CD11b, CD45, CD54, and CD69), and enhanced cytokine-activated oxidative burst, thereby triggering allergic inflammatory reactions

Wedi, Bettina; Wieczorek, D.; Stünkel, Tanja; Breuer, Kristine; Kapp, Alexander

doi:10.1067/mai.2002.121702

Cited by 58 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The same molecule has also been shown to bind LPS [12]. To eliminate the possibility that the up-regulation of CR3 was due to endotoxin contamination, we incubated eosinophils with LPS and confirmed the findings of Wedi et al, that LPS does not induce up-regulation of CR3 in human eosinophils [13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Allergen extracts directly mobilize and activate human eosinophils

2004

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Allergic diseases are characterized by the presence of eosinophils, which are recruited to the affected tissues by chemoattractants produced by T cells, mast cells and epithelium. Our objective was to evaluate if allergens can directly activate human eosinophils. The capacity of purified allergen extracts to elicit eosinophil chemotaxis, respiratory burst, degranulation and up-regulation of the adhesion molecule complement receptor 3 (CR3) was determined in eosinophils isolated from healthy blood donors. Eosinophils stimulated with an extract from house dust mite (HDM) released the granule protein major basic protein (MBP) and upregulated the surface expression of CR3. Cat allergen extracts also induced the upregulation of CR3, but not the release of MBP; instead cat, as well as birch and grass allergens, elicited the release of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO). In addition, grass pollen extract caused the secretion of MBP. None of the allergens stimulated eosinophilic cationic protein release, nor production of free oxygen radicals. Both HDM and birch extracts were chemotactic for eosinophils. These findings establish that common aeroallergens can directly activate eosinophils in vitro. We propose that eosinophil activation in vivo is not exclusively mediated by cytokines and chemokines of the allergic inflammatory reaction, but could partly be the result of direct interaction between allergens and eosinophils.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Allergen extracts directly mobilize and activate human eosinophils

2004

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“…A surprising finding of the study by MYO et al [9] that also deserves further investigations is the fact that FP at variance with other glucocorticoids (such as budesonide and dexamethasone) [17][18][19] does not reduce the expression of the integrin CD11b on the surface of activated eosinophils. Is this difference linked to a peculiar unknown mechanism of action of this drug?…”

Section: A Papimentioning

confidence: 89%

Investigating the steroids and long-acting β₂‐agonists combination: why do we need more?

Papi¹

2004

Eur Respir J

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“…CD4 + T-lymphocyte-dependent PCD in endothelial cells is also triggered by enterotoxin B [48,49]. Finally, enterotoxin B inhibits PCD in eosinophils [69] and is cleared rapidly after induction of PCD in vivo [234].…”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellular tropism for PCD is demonstrated by a number of the pathogens discussed in this review. For example, the S. aureus proapoptotic influence toward lymphocytes and epithelial cells and the prosurvival influence of staphylococcal exotoxins toward eosinophils [69]. Fundamental differences exist in the susceptibility of different cell types to staphylococcal enterotoxin A-triggered PCD [75,211,402].…”

Section: Implications Of Bacteria-modulated Pcd For Immunity To Infecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Apoptosis by Gram-Positive Bacteria: Mechanistic Diversity and Consequences for Immunity

Ulett

Adderson²

2006

CIR

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Apoptosis, or programmed cell death (PCD), is an important physiological mechanism, through which the human immune system regulates homeostasis and responds to diverse forms of cellular damage. PCD may also be involved in immune counteraction to microbial infection. Over the past decade, the amount of research on bacteria-induced PCD has grown tremendously, and the implications of this mechanism on immunity are being elucidated. Some pathogenic bacteria actively trigger the suicide response in critical lineages of leukocytes that orchestrate both the innate and adaptive immune responses; other bacteria proactively prevent PCD to benefit their own survival and persistence. Currently, the microbial virulence factors, which represent the keys to unlocking the suicide response in host cells, are a primary focus of this field. In this review, we discuss these bacterial "apoptosis regulatory molecules" and the apoptotic events they either trigger or prevent, the host target cells of this regulatory activity, and the possible ramifications for immunity to infection. Gram-positive pathogens including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Listeria, and Clostridia species are discussed as important agents of human infection that modulate PCD pathways in eukaryotic cells.

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Staphylococcal exotoxins exert proinflammatory effects through inhibition of eosinophil apoptosis, increased surface antigen expression (CD11b, CD45, CD54, and CD69), and enhanced cytokine-activated oxidative burst, thereby triggering allergic inflammatory reactions

Cited by 58 publications

References 47 publications

Allergen extracts directly mobilize and activate human eosinophils

Allergen extracts directly mobilize and activate human eosinophils

Investigating the steroids and long-acting β₂‐agonists combination: why do we need more?

Regulation of Apoptosis by Gram-Positive Bacteria: Mechanistic Diversity and Consequences for Immunity

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Staphylococcal exotoxins exert proinflammatory effects through inhibition of eosinophil apoptosis, increased surface antigen expression (CD11b, CD45, CD54, and CD69), and enhanced cytokine-activated oxidative burst, thereby triggering allergic inflammatory reactions

Cited by 58 publications

References 47 publications

Allergen extracts directly mobilize and activate human eosinophils

Allergen extracts directly mobilize and activate human eosinophils

Investigating the steroids and long-acting β2‐agonists combination: why do we need more?

Regulation of Apoptosis by Gram-Positive Bacteria: Mechanistic Diversity and Consequences for Immunity

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Investigating the steroids and long-acting β₂‐agonists combination: why do we need more?