Staphylococci in Human Disease

Crossley, Kent; Jefferson, Kimberly K.; Archer, Gordon L.; Fowler, Vance G.

doi:10.1002/9781444308464

Cited by 54 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…Dugal and Mamajiwala (2011) investigated the anti-MRSA properties of chitosan nanoparticles having quaternary ammonium groups on the surface, prepared by ionic gelation ( Figure 15 ). Chitosan is a polysaccharide of (Crossley et al, 2009; Tong et al, 2015)-β-linked D-2-glucosamines, which have strong antimicrobial properties. Chitosan is considered to be biocompatible and biodegradable.…”

Section: Nanoparticles As Anti-mrsa Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most cases, staph infections can be treated effectively with commercial antibiotics applied dermally or orally. Although most individuals are healthy carriers largely unaffected by the innocuous presence of S. aureus , invasion of the microbe through the epithelial or mucosal surface through cuts or open sores in the skin can enable the bacteria to get into the bloodstream (McCaig et al, 2006) and lead to serious illnesses, which range from skin and soft tissue infections to debilitating and very often deadly infections in the blood, bone, brain, and vital internal organs (Lowy, 1998; Crossley et al, 2009). It is therefore imperative that even minor staphylococcal infections be treated aggressively before they spread to other tissues and lead to sepsis upon release of toxins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti–Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nanoantibiotics

2019

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Nanoparticle-based antibiotic constructs have become a popular area of investigation in the biomedical sciences. Much of this work has pertained to human diseases, largely in the cancer therapy arena. However, considerable research has also been devoted to the nanochemistry for controlling infectious diseases. Among these are ones due to bacterial infections, which can cause serious illnesses leading to death. The onset of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) infections such as those caused by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus has created a dearth of problems such as surgical complications, persistent infections, and lack of available treatments. In this article, we set out to review the primary literature on the design and development of new nanoparticle materials for the potential treatment of S. aureus infections, and areas that could be further expanded upon to make nanoparticle antibiotics a mainstay in clinical settings.

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Section: Nanoparticles As Anti-mrsa Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti–Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nanoantibiotics

2019

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“…Biofilms can be present on inert, nonliving surfaces like medical devices (example, urinary catheter) or living surfaces like wounded tissue [6]. Moreover, these biofilm cells can evade the host immune response and also it can remain unaffected by antibiotics inside the host [7]. The alarming scenario of medical sector is that biofilm population contributes to almost 80% of the total microbial infection [8] [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Inhibits the Biofilm Formation of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>

Sharma¹,

Saha²,

Rahaman³

et al. 2015

AiM

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Biofilm is the assemblage of microbial cells that are irreversibly associated with biotic and abiotic surfaces and is usually enclosed in the self secreted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The presence of EPS in biofilm makes the microbial population resistance against antibiotics and other drugs. Biofilms are considered as a serious challenge to pharmaceutical industries because most of the microbial diseases are now associated with biofilm. In this context, we have addressed the biofilm potentialities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which has been found to be associated with several deadly diseases including septicemia, urinary tract infections, and gastrointestinal infections, and wherein biofilm plays a crucial role in pathogenesis. Since silver had been used globally for a long time for treating a wide range of illnesses from burn wounds, typhoid, and anthrax to bacterial conjunctivitis in newborns, but its antibiofilm activity is still unknown. Thus, in this current study, we have tried to examine the antibiofilm potentiality of silver against the biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our result showed that silver exhibited considerable antimicrobial property against Pseudomonas aeruginosa where the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found at 25 µg/ml. Biofilm inhibition by silver against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was then evaluated by crystal violet (CV) staining, estimation of total biofilm protein and microscopy based microbial adherence test using the sub MIC doses of silver. The results showed that all the tested sub MIC doses of silver exhibited considerable antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa, wherein the maximum biofilm attenuation was showed by a silver concentration of 20 µg/ml. We also observed that all these sub MIC doses of silver neither interfere with the growth cycle of the bacteria nor affect the cell viability but only attenuates biofilm formation property of the bacteria. The current study deciphers a new axis in biofilm biology where a metal like silver can inhibit the * Corresponding author. B. K. Sharma et al. 678formation of biofilm markedly. Thus, the knowledge gathered in this study may help the pharmaceutical sector to design combinatorial drug where silver could be an important partner to reduce the load of pathogenesity caused by biofilm.

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“…One multicenter study looked at the failure of standard therapy to sterilize blood cultures in MRSA bloodstream infections 20 . When ceftaroline was used as salvage therapy in 211 bacteremic patients, cure rates approached 70% 21 . Treatment algorithms also can assist early choice of therapy for staphylococcal infections 21 .…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When ceftaroline was used as salvage therapy in 211 bacteremic patients, cure rates approached 70% 21 . Treatment algorithms also can assist early choice of therapy for staphylococcal infections 21 . Newer systematic algorithms to guide testing and treatment to guide clinicians in a sequential approach to staphylococcal bacteremia were recently published 3 .…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The treatment of resistant staphylococcal infections

John

2020

F1000Res

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Staphylococcus aureus of the many staphylococcal species is the most common cause of both skin and soft tissue infection and severe staphylococcal infections including Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). Many antibiotics are active against the staphylococci, yet over the last 40 years antibiotic resistance, particularly resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, has plagued antimicrobial therapy. The term “methicillin resistance” is a historic term and now refers to the ability of staphylococci, in particular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), to resist the action of beta-lactam antibiotics. This resistance is encoded by the mecA gene carried in a complex genetic cassette, SCCmec. Vancomycin and old antibiotics remain the keystone of treatment for resistant staphylococci. Other newer agents, and some older agents, show good activity against resistant staphylococci which are the focus of this review: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftaroline, daptomycin, fosfomycin, linezolid, dalbavancin, televancin, and omadacycline. Other agents with novel mechanisms of action are under development, for use as single anti-staphylococcal agents or for combination use to augment the action of the primary anti-staphylococcal agent. Vancomycin therapy carries specific risks, particularly renal dysfunction, but despite its foibles, vancomycin remains the standard of care for the treatment of resistant staphylococcal infections. Some clinicians implement an early switch from vancomycin at the earliest signs of renal dysfunction. The near horizon holds promise also of augmentation of both cellular and humoral responses to staphylococcal infection. Pending newer clinical trials that show clear superiority of one anti-staphylococcal agent over another or over vancomycin, it will remain to expert clinical judgment in determining antibiotic choice and duration of anti-staphylococcal therapy.

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Staphylococci in Human Disease

Cited by 54 publications

References 162 publications

Anti–Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nanoantibiotics

Anti–Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nanoantibiotics

Silver Inhibits the Biofilm Formation of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>

The treatment of resistant staphylococcal infections

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Staphylococci in Human Disease

Cited by 54 publications

References 162 publications

Anti–Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nanoantibiotics

Anti–Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nanoantibiotics

Silver Inhibits the Biofilm Formation of &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/i&gt;

The treatment of resistant staphylococcal infections

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Silver Inhibits the Biofilm Formation of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>