Starch Nanoparticles Preparation and Characterization by in situ combination of Sono-precipitation and Alkali hydrolysis under Ambient Temperature

Abstract

The current work aimed at adopting in situ combination of sono-precipitation and alkali hydrolysis as a rapid technique for starch nanoparticles (SNPs) preparation under ambient conditions with a high yield. Factors affecting the preparation of SNPs were investigated based on statistical analysis using the Box Behnken design. The particle size and polydispersity index of particles were used as dependent variables to obtain the optimized formulation. The SNPs optimized formulation (F14) was further characterized for zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results of particle size were between 44.82±3.31 and 83.93±8.53 while polydispersity index results were ranged from 0.106±0.012 to 0.179±0.018. The results obtained revealed the efficiency of the technique in obtaining a high yield (98.72% ±0.89) of well-distributed nanoparticles. Also, the SNPs obtained were spherical in shape with good stability, as indicated by zeta analysis (-20±0.25mV) and thermal analysis. The data obtained also showed no change in the chemical structure of the SNPs, as indicated by the infrared transmission of Fourier, thermal analysis, and the relative crystallinity of SNPs was decreased compared with native maize starch indicating the crystallite is transformed from crystalline to amorphous form. The obtained results concluded the efficiency of the adopted method on obtaining SNPs in a short preparation time with a high yield under ambient conditions.

Development and Evaluation of a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Sinapic Acid with Improved Antiviral Efficacy against SARS-CoV-2

“…The study was conducted within the 50-200 • C range at a scanning rate of 10 • C/min. An empty pan was used as a reference [34].…”

“…The experimental plan was based on a statistical approach that minimized the number of experiments required while providing a comprehensive understanding of the effect of each variable on the response of interest. Computer-aided optimization using mixture I-optimal design had several advantages over traditional experimental approaches [34,53]. It provided a comprehensive understanding of the formulation variables' effects.…”

Recent Trends in the Preparation of Nano-Starch Particles

“…In DTA, the analyte undergoes thermal cycles, thus all variations during the analysis are recorded [ 70 , 71 ]. Gardouh et al [ 72 ] used thermal analysis of native starch and SNPs was carried out using an instrument calibrated by indium, and samples (1–1.5 mg) were precisely measured. Then it was put in an aluminum pan and heated at a rate of 10 °C/min from 25 to 300 °C with nitrogen as a purging gas at a flow rate of 15 mL/min.…”

“…Because the surface charges of these nanoparticles can be changed by other ingredients during the emulsion production, evaluating the zeta potential of starch without any type of application seems to be a useless parameter. Using dilution with deionized water, Gardouh et al [ 72 ] assessed the use of zeta potential in starch nanoparticles. For the optimal formulation, the electrical charge of SNPs was determined using a Malvern size distribution analyzer at 25 °C.…”