State actors, human rights violations and informal livelihoods during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria

Anazonwu, Nkemdilim P.; Nnamani, Kelechi Elijah; Ezeibe, Christian; Mbah, Peter O.; Nzeadibe, Thaddeus Chidi

doi:10.1080/21622671.2021.1976262

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Another police officer added: "I wish we were given face shields and we should have been given hand sanitizers to carry them when patrolling public places and to use it when needed" (Interview with a Police Officer 6, February 2022). This finding of shortage of PPEs is the same as those reported in the literature (Aborisade, 2021;Alcadipani et al, 2020;Alvarado et al, 2020;Anazonwu et al, 2022;Dagba et al, 2020;Lum et al, 2020;Maskály et al, 2021;Simpson and Sandrin, 2021). Fiji did not need to buy PPE because donor partners Australia, New Zealand, the USA, and Japan had donated PPE to Fiji.…”

Section: Personal Protective Equipment (Ppe)supporting

confidence: 87%

“…Existing studies have confirmed that police officers in most countries are not adequately trained in performing COVID-19 duties (Anazonwu et al, 2022;Frenkel et al, 2020;Lum et al, 2020;Matarazzo et al, 2020). Lum et al (2020) found that even in rich developed countries, police officers tend not to be adequately trained: For example, around 60% of police organizations in various parts of the United States and Canada did not provide proper training for police officers on the COVID-19 health protocols.…”

Section: Training and Preparedness Of The Policementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Literature reveals that many police agencies in all kinds of countries (both developed and developing countries) were unable to provide an adequate supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) to police officers. There were shortages of face masks, face shields, goggles, and medical hand gloves (Aborisade, 2021;Alcadipani et al, 2020;Alvarado et al, 2020;Anazonwu et al, 2022;Dagba et al, 2020;Drew & Martin, 2020;Farrow, 2020;Jennings & Perez, 2020;Maskály et al, 2021;Stott & Harrison, 2020). Even large developed countries such as the USA, the UK, Canada, and Australia faced shortages (Alexander & Ecki, 2020;Horn, 2020;Stott et al, 2020;.…”

Section: Personal Protective Equipment (Ppe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Policing the COVID-19 pandemic: Police and public perceptions of enforcement of health protocols in the Fiji Islands

Chand¹,

Karan²,

Goundar³

et al. 2023

ISJ

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The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global health security concern (World Health Organization, 2020), and governments have called upon police agencies to assist control the spread of the COVID-19 virus. This study looks at the new roles performed by police agencies in the context of the Fiji Islands. This study addresses two main research questions. Firstly, what are the issues and challenges faced by police officers when carrying out their COVID-19 duties? Secondly, what is the public perceptions of police officers’ effectiveness in enforcing COVID-19 health protocols? This study has utilized a mixed-method approach based on qualitative interviews with police officers and a quantitative survey of the public. The police officers' interviews reveal that police performed new health duties and ground-level police faced several challenges. The public survey findings reveal that most people were happy with police performance. We conclude by discussing the policy implications of our findings on police practice and the agenda for future comparative research in small island countries so that SIDs can learn from each other.

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Section: Personal Protective Equipment (Ppe)supporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Training and Preparedness Of The Policementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Personal Protective Equipment (Ppe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Policing the COVID-19 pandemic: Police and public perceptions of enforcement of health protocols in the Fiji Islands

Chand¹,

Karan²,

Goundar³

et al. 2023

ISJ

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“…Novel financial and emotional reasons were identified here, particular to the pandemic context: They have fewer clients, they have financial losses/bankruptcy risk and solidarity. This is in line with Nkemdilim et al [61], showing the need to test the hypothesis that the COVID-19 control measures enforcement may have neglected economic social structures as the supply and demand system has been modified, thus, consumers perceived challenges for SMEs [64,65]. Moreover, it is important to highlight the fact that the emotional triggers that enhance the motivation to support the local entrepreneurs lead to a behaviour that does not represent a sustainable solution from an economic perspective.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…However, previous studies on the informal economy do not investigate the social actor theory during a worldwide pandemic. Indeed, the COVID-19 control measures may have neglected social structures [61]. The COVID-19 pandemic brought some changes in consumption behaviour.…”

Section: Why Do Consumers Purchase From the Informal Economy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Demand-Side of the Informal Economy during the COVID-19 Restrictions: Lessons from Iași, Romania

et al. 2022

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Little attention has been paid to why consumers choose to purchase goods and services from the informal economy. Similarly, few studies have been conducted on consumer behaviour in relation to informal markets during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the article is to evaluate, for the first time, whether the COVID-19 pandemic influenced consumer behaviour in relation to the informal economy. Qualitative evidence collected in Iași, Romania, is reported. The finding is that the most important motives for purchasing goods and services from the informal economy are related to social ends, such as supporting local businesses, maintaining relationships with others, and enhancing sustainable development. The novel finding of this research is that community exchange in the form of mutual aid and reciprocity is not activated only for friends, neighbours, kin or work colleagues but also for local businesses facing financial difficulties. The customers are displaying solidarity and empathy for their situation. As such, this article adds to previous findings indicating that the motivation of lower cost is not the universal rationale for purchasing from the informal economy as many consumers choose to make purchases from informal market driven by social rationales. The paper ends by discussing the policy implications of the findings.

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Managing Conflict and Political Processes Despite COVID-19

Attuquayefio,

Mensa-Bonsu

2023

Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development

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State actors, human rights violations and informal livelihoods during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Policing the COVID-19 pandemic: Police and public perceptions of enforcement of health protocols in the Fiji Islands

Policing the COVID-19 pandemic: Police and public perceptions of enforcement of health protocols in the Fiji Islands

Exploring the Demand-Side of the Informal Economy during the COVID-19 Restrictions: Lessons from Iași, Romania

Managing Conflict and Political Processes Despite COVID-19

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