Statins and risk of type 2 diabetes: mechanism and clinical implications

Laakso, Markku; Fernandes Silva, Lilian

doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1239335

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…There are currently eight different classes of cholesterollowering drugs: statins, ezetimibe, bile acid sequestrants, PCSK9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, lomitapide, mipomersen, and evinacumab [79]. According to guidelines, statins are the first line of treatment in the secondary prevention of IS [80]. By inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, which is an essential enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, statins decrease the hepatic cholesterol content, leading to the up-regulation of hepatic LDL receptors and LDL clearance [81].…”

Section: Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Lipid-derived Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-Derived Biomarkers as Therapeutic Targets for Chronic Coronary Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke: An Updated Narrative Review

Schreiner,

Ignat,

Grosu

et al. 2024

Medicina

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The incidence and prevalence of cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases are constantly increasing, with chronic coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke as the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to current knowledge, the heart–brain axis is more than a theoretical concept, with many common pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the onset and evolution of both coronary and cerebral ischemia. Moreover, the focus is on the prevention and early intervention of risk factors in searching for targeted and personalized medical treatment. In this context, this narrative review aims to offer, in a didactic and practice-oriented manner, an up-to-date overview of the role played by lipid-derived biomarkers (from low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to oxylipin and apolipoproteins) in chronic coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke. Firstly, the authors highlight, via relevant epidemiological data, the significant burden of chronic coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke in the general population, thus explaining the need for updated information on this topic. Subsequently, the most important lipid-derived biomarkers and their multiple roles in the pathogenesis of these two disorders are listed. Currently available and experimental targeted therapies based on these lipid-derived biomarkers are presented in the final part of this paper, representing this manuscript’s original and novel input.

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Section: Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Lipid-derived Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-Derived Biomarkers as Therapeutic Targets for Chronic Coronary Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke: An Updated Narrative Review

Schreiner,

Ignat,

Grosu

et al. 2024

Medicina

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“…However, preexisting diabetes could not be excluded and the study did not ascertain the exact grade of AP severity. The findings are paradoxical as statins are known to slightly increase the risk for T2D [38 ]. It is postulated that the protective role of statins on post-AP diabetes could be related to anti-inflammatory effects on the pancreas In summary, a combination of illness and diabetes specific, and potentially novel factors, appear to influence the development of diabetes after MAP.…”

Section: Other Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and factors determining diabetes after mild, nonnecrotizing acute pancreatitis

Pichardo-Lowden,

Goodarzi,

Trikudanathan

et al. 2024

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

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Purpose of review Diabetes mellitus (DM) is relatively common following acute pancreatitis (AP), even after mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), the most frequent AP presentation, in which there is no overt beta cell injury. Post-AP related diabetes is widely misdiagnosed, resulting in potentially inappropriate treatment and worse outcomes than type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thus, it is important to understand risk across the spectrum of AP severity. Recent findings Biological mechanisms are unclear and may include local and systemic inflammation leading to beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, altered gut barrier and/or gut peptides and possibly islet autoimmunity, though no studies have specifically focused on MAP. While studies examining clinical risk factors on MAP exclusively are lacking, there are studies which include MAP. These studies vary in scientific rigor, approaches to rule out preexisting diabetes, variable AP severity, diagnostic testing methods, and duration of follow-up. Overall, disease related factors, including AP severity, as well as established T2D risk factors are reported to contribute to the risk for DM following AP. Summary Though numerous studies have explored risk factors for DM after AP, few studies specifically focused on MAP, highlighting a key knowledge gap that is relevant to the majority of patients with AP.

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“…Evidence-based medicine has played a prominent role in public health and basic medical research, including exploring the risk factors of diseases [ 1 ], early diagnosis of disease [ 2 ], proper and rational treatment of disease [ 3 ], and judgment of disease prognosis [ 4 ]. Therefore, evidence-based medicine is an indispensable course, which covers 5 main steps for applying it to clinical practice: defining a clinically relevant question, searching for the best evidence, critically appraising the evidence, applying the evidence, and evaluating the performance of evidence-based medicine [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of blended learning and traditional lecture method on learning outcomes in the evidence-based medicine course: a comparative study

Liu,

et al. 2024

BMC Med Educ

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Background Blended learning comprised with flipped classroom (FC) and “internet plus” is a new learning strategy that reverses the position of teacher and students in class, and provides abundant learning resources before and after class. This study aimed to assess the impact of blended learning on learning outcomes in evidence-based medicine course, and compare with traditional learning method. Methods The participants of the two groups were from two difference cohorts in Air force medical university in China. The two groups toke the same pre-test before class and then were given the teaching of same chapters of evidence-based medicine with two different learning strategy. In the blended learning group, the participants were required to create a debriefing slide about their learning outcomes and the answers of questions given in advance after study the learning material sent by teacher a week before class, and the teacher gave a detailed summary based on the common problems, and distributed multimedia resources for review. After the experiment was carried out, learning outcomes including mastering knowledge, learning satisfaction, and self-evaluation were compared. Results 37 and 39 participants were enrolled to blended learning and traditional learning groups, respectively, and no statistically significant difference were found in baseline information and pre-test grades. Statistically significant differences were found in learning outcomes including post-test score (t = 2.90, p = 0.005), changes of scores between pre-test and post-test (t = 2.49, p = 0.022), learning satisfaction (t = 12.41, p = 0.001), and self-evaluation of the two groups (t = 7.82, p = 0.001). Especially, the changes of scores between pre-test and post-test of blended learning and traditional learning groups were 4.05 (4.26), and 2.00 (2.85), respectively. Conclusions This study showed that compared with traditional learning strategy, blended learning can effectively enhanced participants’ acquisition of knowledge, learning satisfaction, and self-evaluation in evidence-based medicine. Using blended learning method including “internet plus” and flipped classroom is recommended in the teaching of evidence-based medicine course.

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Statins and risk of type 2 diabetes: mechanism and clinical implications

Cited by 18 publications

References 90 publications

Lipid-Derived Biomarkers as Therapeutic Targets for Chronic Coronary Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke: An Updated Narrative Review

Lipid-Derived Biomarkers as Therapeutic Targets for Chronic Coronary Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke: An Updated Narrative Review

Risk and factors determining diabetes after mild, nonnecrotizing acute pancreatitis

Comparison of blended learning and traditional lecture method on learning outcomes in the evidence-based medicine course: a comparative study

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