Statistical and Analytical Evaluation of Groundwater Quality of Tirupati Area, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, South India

Nagaraju, A.; Sharifi, Zahed; Balaji, E.

doi:10.1007/s12594-016-0481-y

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The piper diagram can predict water types based on the anions into three: the sulfate type, bicarbonate and chloride type. The bicarbonate type is considered to be suitable for both drinking and agriculture practices, while the sulfate type is unsuitable for irrigation (Nagaraju et al 2016;Ziani et al 2017). All the water samples fall under bicarbonate or freshwater zone.…”

Section: Hydrogeochemical Faciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assessment of water quality in river Molo water basin, Kenya

2020

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The monitoring of water quality for both domestic and commercial use is absolutely essential for policy formulation that affects both public and environmental health. This study investigates the quality of water of river Molo system which lies in the Kenyan Rift Valley. The river is considered a vital source of water for the residents and industrial activities in Nakuru and Baringo Counties. Six water samples were collected during the dry season of December 2017. Various physicochemical parameters were determined in situ by use of a portable pH meter. These parameters included pH, temperature, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids (TDS). Anions such as fluorides, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, chlorides, carbonates and bicarbonates were determined using conventional methods such as titrimetry and (ultra-violet visible) UV-Vis techniques. The cations including sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were determined using flame photometry. The results showed that the water had pH values ranging from 7.90 to 9.66 units, temperature ranged from 14.02 to 31.5 °C, while electrical conductivity ranged from 181 to 1637 μS/cm, TDS (69-823 mg/L), F (2.76-3.28 mg/L), sulfates (4.97-85.66 mg/L), phosphates (0.13-11.06 mg/L), nitrates (1.73-6.16 mg/L), chlorides (38.5-69.4 mg/L), carbonates (18-148 mg/L), bicarbonates (54-384 mg/L), sodium (19-1800 mg/L), potassium (8.9-121 mg/L), magnesium (4.8-106.8 mg/L) and calcium (13.4-77.4 mg/L). The pH, temperature, fluorides and sodium were above the World Health Organization permissible limits for drinking water in S4 and S5. All the water samples fall under bicarbonate or freshwater zone. The sampling points can be classified into five water types: Na-Mg-Ca-HCO 3 , Na-HCO 3 , Na-Ca-Mg-HCO 3-CO 3 , Na and Na-Ca-HCO 3-CO 3. Chemical indices such as sodium adsorption ratio, magnesium hazard, percent sodium and permeability index are reported. Accordingly, the findings from this work indicate that the river Molo water in general is good for irrigation.

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Section: Hydrogeochemical Faciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assessment of water quality in river Molo water basin, Kenya

2020

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“…− [71]. Figure 3a, b and j shows that the southern and southwestern parts of the district are characterized by lower P H value because of the presence of highly soluble salts and SO 4 − acidic ions.…”

Section: Spatial Pattern Of Groundwater Chemicalmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The chemical components, viz. Mg, Cl, Na and SO 4 , influence rate of evaporation, recharge and anthropogenic sources of the groundwater system [6,71]. Therefore, it can be concluded that Factor 1 represents the impact of geological variation and human impact on the groundwater chemistry in the concerned area.…”

Section: Principal Component and Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of Jalali [50] has also been reported that the Na and Cl ions are mostly originated from agricultural field mainly from the use of chemical fertilizer, animal waste and industrial pollutants. This factor is also related to the TDS variation [71]. Fluoride (F) concentration is one of the important harmful hydro-chemical elements as it has adverse effect on human health [56,67,89,105,114].…”

Section: Principal Component and Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Groundwater quality assessment using multivariate statistical technique and hydro-chemical facies in Birbhum District, West Bengal, India

Das¹,

Mondal

Ghosh³

et al. 2019

SN Appl. Sci.

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The assessment of quality of groundwater is an important issue in the present era of population growth, massive agricultural development, industrialization and urbanization. As the demand of groundwater increases, the quality becomes deteriorated. In this background, the study of groundwater quality in Birbhum District is very much important as this area has been characterized by diversified rock formations. For the analysis purpose, 14 parameters regarding the hydro-chemical data of groundwater, viz. P H , electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, fluoride, silicon dioxide, phosphate and iron, were selected. The present study has been carried out using multivariate statistical method, viz. principle component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. In addition, different hydro-chemical facies in terms of hydro-chemical diagrams have been used to show the present status of groundwater quality in the concerned area. The result of PCA, a multivariate statistical technique, reveals that it extracts five major factors accounting for 80% of the total variance. Fluoride has been extracted as first factor. It is because the western part of the district has been characterized by highly fluoride contaminated area where basaltic terrain is present. The study also shows concentration of cation and anion that are present in the order of Na + > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > K + = Cl − > HCO 3− > SO 4 2−. Two clusters have been prepared: one for sample villages and another for chemical components. Sample village-wise cluster reveals that Baidyanath, Muluk, Khayrasole, Md Bazaar, Patel Nagar, etc. bear same chemical characteristics, while chemical component cluster shows the homogeneous grouping among P H , PO 4 , Sio 2 , Fe. Diagrammatic presentation of chemical parameters is also an important aspect in this study. Here application of Wilcox diagram basically depicts the nature of water for the suitability of irrigation. It shows that about 50% samples out of total sample have been characterized by excellent to good, the rest 25% samples present in good to permissible category, 20% are under the category of permissible to doubtful and 5% belong to the category of doubtful to unsuitable, while Gibbs mechanism displays 68% samples belonging to the category of rock dominance and the rest 32% in precipitation dominance category. This kind of study obviously demand an important space as groundwater quality is directly related to human health. So, for the sustainable development of human health, this type of study opens a new dimension for the betterment of the society and the concerned region.

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“…Fresh water has become a scarce commodity due to over exploitation and pollution of water. Groundwater is the most important source of water supply for drinking, agriculture, irrigation and industrial purposes (Gupta and Sunita 2009;Bhattacharya et al 2012;Li et al 2013aLi et al , 2014aNagaraju et al 2013Nagaraju et al , 2014aNagaraju et al , 2016aWu and Sun 2016). There is a growing awareness of the environmental legacy of mining activities that have been undertaken with little concern for the environment (Mahesh et al 2001;Brindha et al 2010;Tripathi et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater quality around Tummalapalle area, Cuddapah District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Sreedhar

Nagaraju

2017

Appl Water Sci

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The suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation was assessed in Tummalapalle area. Forty groundwater samples were analysed for major cations, anions and other parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity and total hardness (TH). The parameters such as sodium adsorption ratio, adjusted sodium adsorption ratio (adj.SAR), per cent sodium, potential salinity, residual sodium carbonate, non-carbonate hardness, Kelly's ratio and permeability index were calculated for the evaluation of irrigation water quality. Groundwater chemistry was also analysed by statistical analysis, USSL, Wilcox, Doneen, Piper and Chadhas diagrams, to find out their suitability for irrigation. TDS and TH were used as main parameters to interpret the suitability of groundwater for drinking purpose. The correlation coefficient matrix between the hydrochemical parameters was carried out using Pearson's correlation to infer the possible water-rock interactions responsible for the variation of groundwater chemistry and this has been supported by Gibbs diagram. The results indicate that the groundwater in Tummalapalle area is alkaline in nature. Ca-Mg-HCO 3 is the dominant hydrogeochemical facies. Water chemistry of the study area strongly reflects the dominance of weathering of rockforming minerals such as bicarbonates and silicates. All parameters and diagrams suggest that the water samples of the study are good for irrigation, and the plots of TDS and TH suggest that 12.5% of the samples are good for human consumption.

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Statistical and Analytical Evaluation of Groundwater Quality of Tirupati Area, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, South India

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

The assessment of water quality in river Molo water basin, Kenya

The assessment of water quality in river Molo water basin, Kenya

Groundwater quality assessment using multivariate statistical technique and hydro-chemical facies in Birbhum District, West Bengal, India

Groundwater quality around Tummalapalle area, Cuddapah District, Andhra Pradesh, India

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