Statistical entropy analysis of substance flows in a lead smelting process

Bai, Lu; Qiao, Qi; Li, Yanping; Wan, Si; Xie, Mowen; Chai, Fahe

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.11.011

Cited by 37 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The XRD patterns of the precursor shown in Figure 8 indicate that the sample was a well crystallized calcium stannate trihydrate (CaSn(OH) 6 or CaSnO 3 •3H 2 O). The precursor was analyzed by TG-DTA for investigating its thermal decomposition dehydration behavior.…”

Section: Precipitation and Characterization Of Calcium Stannatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is primarily produced from lead sulfide concentrates through a sintering roasting-blast furnace smelting-refining process. The crude lead produced by blast furnace smelting requires a refining process to remove various impurities for obtaining refined lead (purity > 99%) [6][7][8][9]. In general, tin is the main impurity in crude lead from which it is usually separated into the lead refining dross stream following oxidation since it has a stronger affinity for oxygen than lead [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Calcium Stannate from Lead Refining Dross by Roast–Leach–Precipitation Process

Han

Liu

et al. 2019

Minerals

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Lead refining dross containing plenty of tin and other heavy metals, such as lead and antimony, is considered a hazardous waste generated in large quantities in lead smelter plants. In this study, calcium stannate was synthesized from lead refining dross using sodium carbonate roasting and alkaline leaching followed by precipitation with CaO. The effect of roasting and leaching parameters on the extraction efficiency of tin was investigated. The leaching efficiency of tin reached 94% under the optimized conditions: roasting with 60% Na2CO3 at 1000 °C for 45 min, and leaching using 2 mol/L NaOH solution for 90 min at 85 °C and 8 cm3/g liquid/solid ratio. Furthermore, more than 99% of tin in the leaching solution was precipitated using CaO. Finally, XRD, SEM, and ICP-OES analyses indicated that the final CaSnO3 product had a purity of 95.75% and its average grain size was smaller than 5 μm. The results indicated that the developed method is feasible to produce calcium stannate from lead refining dross.

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Section: Precipitation and Characterization Of Calcium Stannatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Calcium Stannate from Lead Refining Dross by Roast–Leach–Precipitation Process

Han

Liu

et al. 2019

Minerals

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“…MFA encompasses a variety of analytical approaches (OECD ) and is widely applied in different fields, including industrial ecology, resource management, waste management, and environmental management (Allesch and Brunner ; Bai et al. ; Torres et al. ; Schwab et al.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…MFA encompasses a variety of analytical approaches (OECD 2008) and is widely applied in different fields, including industrial ecology, resource management, waste management, and environmental management (Allesch and Brunner 2015;Bai et al 2015a;Torres et al 2008;Schwab et al 2016). Within industry, MFA has been successfully applied to study energy and resource efficiency of production processes, using empirical data obtained directly from considered production facilities (e.g., Bai et al 2015b;Gao et al 2016;Hong et al 2011;Taulo and Sebitosi 2016;Torres et al 2008).…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Material Flow Analysis and Process Modeling to Increase Energy and Water Efficiency of Industrial Cooling Water Systems

Schlei-Peters¹,

Wichmann²,

Matthes³

et al. 2017

J of Industrial Ecology

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Summary Cooling water systems (CWS) are one of the main energy and water using operations in industry. Existing CWS in operation provide high improvement potentials in environmental and economic performance through optimized operation and system control. Industry often fails to realize these potentials, given that the efficiency measures as well as their technical, economic, and ecological impact are mostly unknown because of the lack of appropriate approaches. This article presents a holistic approach to the systematic identification and assessment of efficiency measures that support industry in improving the operation and system control of large‐scale CWS consisting of one or multiple cooling towers, heat exchangers, and pumps. Based on material flow analysis coupled with process modeling, a material and energy flow model of CWS is developed. The model enables the investigation of different adjustments in operation of CWS in order to identify and assess specific efficiency measures. The approach is applied to a CWS of a real manufacturing facility. The results show, first, high validity of the approach as compared to a real system. Second, the effectiveness of the approach, given that the model allows fast and simple identification and assessment of efficiency measures that save up to 16% energy and 24% water in the presented case study.

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“…Lead is a bioaccumulative and highly toxic heavy metal that can cause serious damage to the ecological environment and human health (Bai et al 2015). Under normal circumstances, the lead concentration in the human body should be less than 0.1 mg L − 1 , and once the lead concentration exceeds the standard, it will quickly affect the nervous system and growth and development, leading to the occurrence of lead poisoning (Shen et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directed evolution of a transcription factor PbrR to improve lead selectivity and reduce zinc interference through dual selection

Jia

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Directed evolution has been proven as a powerful tool for developing proteins and strains with novel or enhanced features. In this study, a dual selection system was designed to tune the binding specificity of a transcription factor to a particular ligand with the ampicillin resistance gene amp (ON selection) as the positive selection marker and the levansucrase gene sacB (OFF selection) as the negative selection marker. It was applied to the lead responsive transcription factor PbrR in a whole-cell lead biosensor previously constructed in our lab. After multiple rounds of ON-OFF selection, two mutants with higher specificity for lead were selected. Structural analysis revealed that the mutation C134 located on the metal-binding loop at the C-terminal of PbrR is likely associated with the enhanced binding to both lead and cadmium. The double mutations D64A and L68S close to the metal-binding residue C79 may lead to the reduced binding specificity toward zinc ions. This dual selection system can be applied to engineer the specificity of other transcription factors and provide fine-tuned tools to synthetic biology.

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Statistical entropy analysis of substance flows in a lead smelting process

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

Preparation of Calcium Stannate from Lead Refining Dross by Roast–Leach–Precipitation Process

Preparation of Calcium Stannate from Lead Refining Dross by Roast–Leach–Precipitation Process

Integrated Material Flow Analysis and Process Modeling to Increase Energy and Water Efficiency of Industrial Cooling Water Systems

Directed evolution of a transcription factor PbrR to improve lead selectivity and reduce zinc interference through dual selection

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