Statistics and Tobacco

Rutstein, David D.

doi:10.1001/jama.1960.03020090079022

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The dependent variable in this study was consistent condom use among sexually active men in Nigeria. Men who were sexually active in the last 4 weeks were categorised as sexually active [21]. During the DHS surveys' interviews, men were asked if "condom used during last sex with a most recent partner?…”

Section: Dependent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Association between knowledge of Human Immunodeficiency Virus transmission and consistent condom use among sexually active men in Nigeria: An analysis of 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey

Bolarinwa

Ajayi

Sah

2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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An estimated 1.7 million people were living with HIV in Nigeria in 2020, with over 86,000 people newly infected. Although the global rates of HIV have remained consistent over time, Nigeria has the second-highest number of people living with HIV and contributes to 9% of the global burden of HIV/AIDS. This is due to several structural and individual-level factors that limit knowledge of HIV and condom utilization. In this context, this study examines the association between knowledge about HIV transmission and consistent condom use among sexually active men in Nigeria. The data utilised in this study was sourced from the latest Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2018. The sample included a total of 9,346 men between the ages of 15–59 years who were sexually active at the time of data collection. Frequency distribution, univariate and multivariable analyses were performed at 95% confidence interval and p-value less than 0.05 to determine the association between the key independent variables and covariates. The results showed that 85.03% of sexually active men who had no knowledge of HIV engaged in inconsistent condom use. The key independent variable showed that sexually active men who had knowledge of HIV had higher odds [AOR = 1.37; 95%(CI = 1.10–1.72)] of consistent condom use compared to those without knowledge of HIV. However, sexually active men who were previously married [AOR = 0.38; 95%(CI = 0.24–0.61)], and those residing in the South Eastern region of Nigeria [AOR = 0.62; 95%(CI = 0.44–0.96)] had lower odds of consistent condom use. This study established the association between HIV knowledge and consistent condom use among sexually active males in Nigeria even after controlling for confounders. Educational level, wealth index, and ethnicity are also associated with condom use. This calls for the consideration of social determinants of health, localised and cultural health promotion and targeted public health strategies at all governmental levels to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Nigeria.

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Section: Dependent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Association between knowledge of Human Immunodeficiency Virus transmission and consistent condom use among sexually active men in Nigeria: An analysis of 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey

Bolarinwa

Ajayi

Sah

2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…Then, we estimated the country-specific populationweighted prevalence of adolescent motherhood at baseline and endline survey to see changes in the national level prevalence of adolescent motherhood over the study period. The DHS sampling frame is designed such that with weighting, prevalence can be nationally (and by urban/rural strata and region) representative [29]. The weights are the inverse of the probability of selection and the response rates (individual/households) for women in the stratum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the second stage, approximately 30-40 and 20-25 households were selected by equal probability systematic sampling in the selected clusters from rural and urban areas respectively [28]. The survey collects data on sociodemographic indicators and population health, including women's reproductive and child health [29]. ICF, a global consulting and technology services company administers the DHS and provides identical core questionnaires and intensive training to each participating country to ensure quality, standardisation and comparability of the survey data across countries [30].…”

Section: Data Source Study Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary outcome of interest in this study was adolescent motherhood. We defined adolescent motherhood for women aged 15-19 as having either given birth or being currently pregnant at the time of the interview [29] (S2 Table ).…”

Section: Outcome Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The area of residence where the respondent was living at the time of the interview were categorised as either urban or rural (S2 Table ). All three factors were consistently measured across the country and surveys in DHS [29].…”

Section: Measurement Of Social Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transition in social risk factors and adolescent motherhood in low- income and middle- income countries: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey data, 1996–2018

Huda

Finlay

O’Flaherty

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Understanding the dynamics of social risk factors in the occurrence of adolescent motherhood is vital in designing more appropriate prevention initiatives in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed this study to examine the transition of social risk factors and their association with adolescent motherhood in LMICs since the initiation of the MDGs. We analysed 119967 adolescent girls (15–19 years) from 40-nationally representative Demographic Health Surveys in 20 LMICs that had at least two surveys: a survey in 1996-2003(baseline, near MDGs started) and another in 2014-2018(endline). Adolescent motherhood (having a live birth or being pregnant before age 20) was the outcome of interest, whereas social risk factors including household wealth, girls’ level of education, and area of residence were the exposures. The association between adolescent motherhood and the social risk factors, as well as changes in the strength of the association over time were observed using multilevel logistic regression analysis. On an average, the proportion of adolescent mothers without education decreased by -15·61% (95% CI: -16·84, -14·38), whereas the poorest adolescent mother increased by 5·87% (95% CI: 4·74, 7·00). The national prevalence of adolescent motherhood remained unchanged or increased in 55·00% (11/20) of the studied countries. Comparing baseline to endline, the overall adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of adolescent motherhood increased for both poorest (AOR = 1·42, 95% CI: 1·28, 1·59) and rural residences (AOR = 1·09, 95% CI: 1·01, 1·17), and decreased, but not statistically significant for the low level of education (AOR = 0·92, 95% CI: 0·84, 1·01 for no education). Our study concludes that social risk factors of the adolescent mother had shifted in different directions during MDGs and SDGs eras, and adolescent mothers remained more disadvantaged than non-mothers in LMICs. Efforts need to be enhanced to improve adolescent girls’ education. Intervention should be prioritised in disadvantaged communities to delay adolescent first birth and prevent adolescent motherhood in LMICs.

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Effect of economic inequality on chronic childhood undernutrition in Ghana

Hong¹

2007

Public Health Nutr.

116

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Objective: Food insecurity and undernutrition remain particularly severe in developing countries where improvements in economic conditions have tended to benefit the advantaged groups and resulted in widespread inequalities in health. This study examined how economic inequality is associated with chronic childhood undernutrition. Design: A child was defined as chronically undernourished (stunted) if his or her height-for-age index was more than two standard deviations below the reference median. Household economic status was measured by an index based on household ownership of durable assets. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to estimate the effects of household economic status on stunting. Setting: A nationally representative sample of 6251 household interviews in Ghana. Subjects: A total of 3077 children aged 0-59 months included in the 2003 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Results: Children in the poorest 20% of households are more than twice as likely to suffer from stunting as children in the richest 20% of households independent of the child's age, sex, birth order, breast-feeding duration, birth weight; mother's age at childbirth, body mass index, education; and household access to safe drinking water, hygienic toilet facilities, residence and geographic region (odds ratio ¼ 2.3; 95% confidence interval 1.4-3.7). Also children in the next poorest and in the middle quintiles are significant more likely to be chronically undernourished than children in the richest 20% of households. Conclusion: This study concludes that economic inequality is strongly associated with chronic childhood undernutrition; and reducing economic inequalities and making services more accessible to the poor will be key to improving the health and nutritional status of children in Ghana.

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Statistics and Tobacco

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Association between knowledge of Human Immunodeficiency Virus transmission and consistent condom use among sexually active men in Nigeria: An analysis of 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey

Association between knowledge of Human Immunodeficiency Virus transmission and consistent condom use among sexually active men in Nigeria: An analysis of 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey

Transition in social risk factors and adolescent motherhood in low- income and middle- income countries: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey data, 1996–2018

Effect of economic inequality on chronic childhood undernutrition in Ghana

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