Stay cool with less work: China's new energy-efficiency standards for air conditioners

Lin, Jiang; Rosenquist, Greg

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2007.11.019

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Generally speaking, the coefficient of performance (COP) under electrical resistance heater mode is minimum and around 1 [19,[24][25][26][27][28]. In China, air-conditioners (they can also perform in EHP mode for space heating) installed in the domestic sector for space cooling with mandatory minimum COP values above 3 [33], the authors' proposal seems to guarantee the COP of EHPs for space heating beyond 1 without much auxiliary investment; (3) Based on the emerging infrastructures such as smart grids, remote control on either heating water radiators or EHPs for end users' space heating in domestic sector is enabled [9,10,31,32]. The authors aim to persuade the Chinese policy makers from three aspects that:…”

Section: Proposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

More Wind Power Integration with Adjusted Energy Carriers for Space Heating in Northern China

Long¹,

Xu²,

et al. 2012

Energies

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Abstract:In Northern China, due to the high penetration of coal-fired cogeneration facilities, which are generally equipped with extraction-condensing steam turbines, lots of wind power resources may be wasted during the heating season. In contrast, considerable coal is consumed in the power generation sector. In this article, firstly it is revealed that there exists a serious divergence in the ratio of electrical to thermal energy between end users' demand and the cogenerations' production during off-peak load at night, which may negate active power-balancing of the electric power grid. Secondly, with respect to this divergence only occurring during off-peak load at night, a temporary proposal is given so as to enable the integration of more wind power. The authors suggest that if the energy carrier for part of the end users' space heating is switched from heating water to electricity (e.g., electric heat pumps (EHPs) can provide space heating in the domestic sector), the ratio of electricity to heating water load should be adjusted to optimize the power dispatch between cogeneration units and wind turbines, resulting in fuel conservation. With this proposal, existing infrastructures are made full use of, and no additional ones are required. Finally a numerical simulation is performed in order to illustrate both the technical and economic feasibility of the aforementioned proposal, under ongoing infrastructures as well as electricity and space heating tariff conditions without changing participants' benefits. The authors aim to persuade Chinese policy makers to enable EHPs to provide space heating to enable the integration of more wind power. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2012, 5 3280

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Section: Proposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

More Wind Power Integration with Adjusted Energy Carriers for Space Heating in Northern China

Long¹,

Xu²,

et al. 2012

Energies

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“…Replacing vapor compression RACs with ECs in these cities would have the largest impact on reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, in many of these cities, RACs contribute significantly to the total electricity load, leading to supply shortages during peak demand times (Lin & Rosenquist 2008;Sathaye & Gupta 2010). ECs, as the most energy efficient RAC, can help reduce these shortages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2005, China implemented a new set of minimum efficiency standards for RACs, with a lowest allowable energy efficiency ratio (EER) of 2.5 watts/watt (W/W). By 2020, the cumulative reduction in CO2 emissions from this standard alone will add up to over 300 million tons of CO2, which is close to the total size of European commitment under the Kyoto regime (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) (Lin & Rosenquist 2008). These types of standards are a step in the right direction, however, they only address vapor compression air conditioners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On a regional scale, there is a growing contribution of air conditioning power load to the overall peak electricity system demand. Consequently, hot summer days have resulted in national power shortages (Lin & Rosenquist, 2008) and increased wholesale electricity prices. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that the efficiency of vapor compression air conditioners decreases as temperature increases, causing air conditioning load to be even higher on the hottest days of the year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addressing Water Consumption of Evaporative Coolers with Greywater

Sahai¹,

Shah²,

Phadke³

2012

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“…Globally, the emissions from electricity generation produced to power these air conditioners will contribute significantly to the rapidly growing stock of carbon in the atmosphere. On a regional scale, hot summer days have resulted in national power shortages (Lin & Rosenquist, 2008) and increased wholesale electricity prices. Although much work is under way to increase the efficiency of air conditioners (Navigant Consulting 2010), effort has also been directed toward the development of passive cooling techniques, in which ceiling fans are an essential feature (S. Ho et al 2009;James et al 1996).…”

Section: Ancillary Benefits Of Fan Efficiency Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Global Benefits of Improved Ceiling Fan Energy Efficiency

Sathaye¹

2012

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Ceiling fans contribute significantly to residential electricity consumption, both in an absolute sense and as a proportion of household consumption in many locations, especially in developing countries in warm climates. However, there has been little detailed assessment of the costs and benefits of efficiency improvement options for ceiling fans and the potential resulting electricity consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions. We analyze the costs and benefits of several options to improve the efficiency of ceiling fans and assess the global potential for electricity savings and GHG emission reductions with more detailed assessments for India, China, and the U.S. We find that ceiling fan efficiency can be cost-effectively improved by at least 50% using commercially available technology. If these efficiency improvements are implemented in all ceiling fans sold by 2020, 70 terrawatt hours per year (TWh/year) could be saved and 25 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions per year could be avoided, globally. We assess how policies and programs such as standards, labels, and financial incentives can be used to accelerate the adoption of efficient ceiling fans in order to realize this savings potential.

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Stay cool with less work: China's new energy-efficiency standards for air conditioners

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

More Wind Power Integration with Adjusted Energy Carriers for Space Heating in Northern China

More Wind Power Integration with Adjusted Energy Carriers for Space Heating in Northern China

Addressing Water Consumption of Evaporative Coolers with Greywater

Potential Global Benefits of Improved Ceiling Fan Energy Efficiency

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