Steady-state simulation of an ammonia synthesis converter

Baddour, R. F.; Brian, P. L. T.; Logeais, B.A.; Eymery, J.P.

doi:10.1016/0009-2509(65)85017-5

Cited by 81 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The steady state of interest here is the high-temperature state (intersection c). The precise location of this state is influenced in industrial circumstances by the economics of the particular processes and is reported (Baddour et al, 1965) in some instances to be near the blow-off point (intersection d). Thus, the range of bypass flow rate manipulation is bounded by blow-off and full valve closure (no bypass flow).…”

Section: Aiche Journalmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The literature is replete, however, with analyses for reactor design, the best known of which are those of van Heerden (1953van Heerden ( , 1958. Studies of the stability of autothermal reactors (Orcutt and Lamb, 1960;Baddour et al, 1965;Luss and Amundson, 1967) have given insight into the operations problems but have not provided strategies for correcting abnormal conditions. Modal and self-tuning control methods for stabilizing an unstable autothermal reactor system have been developed by Bonvin et al (1983), Wong et al (1983), and McDermott and Mellichamp (1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Averting extinction in autothermal catalytic reactor operations

Metchis

Foss

1987

AIChE Journal

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A multiloop control system and an on-line reactor operability analysis were developed for the purpose of detecting and averting extinction of the autothermal state of a laboratory catalytic reactor. The reactor system consisted of a feed-effluent heat exchanger and two packed beds in which the exothermic reaction between hydrogen and oxygen occurred.The strategy of control was based on the preservation of the relative stability of the autothermal steady state when the reactor experienced large changes in feed concentration and flow rate. Such a strategy involved a model-based prediction of reactor conditions that so preserved stability, and a procedure to guide the process rapidly and smoothly to those new conditions. Experiments demonstrated the successful avoidance of extinction and the orderly attainment of new operating conditions in about three reactor-system time constants. The procedures developed could serve as a component of an on-line expert system for safe reactor operations.

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Section: Aiche Journalmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Averting extinction in autothermal catalytic reactor operations

Metchis

Foss

1987

AIChE Journal

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“…On an industrial level, Slack et ai., (1953) discussed a commercial Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) autothermal ammonia synthesis reactor. Baddour et al, (1965) developed a steady-state model for the TVA system and determined the effects of operating conditions on reactor performance and stability. Inoue and Komiya (1968) also examined auto thermal reactor stability, as did Ampaya and Rinker (1977) who performed numerical and experimental studies in the multiple steady-state region of a laboratory-scale autothermal reactor with internal countercurrent heat exchange (ARICHE).…”

Section: Steady-state Autothermal Reactor Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Behavior of an Autothermal Reactor Under Relaxed Steady-State Operation

Chiao

Rinker

1988

Chemical Engineering Communications

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This paper examines the theoretical relaxed steady-state limit of an auto thermal reactor under forced concentration operation. Simulations of a laboratory-scale autothermal ammonia synthesis reactor with a transient high-pressure ammonia synthesis kinetic model show that time-averaged production rates more than twice the optimal steady-state rate are possible. Moreover, milder temperature profiles generally acompany these higher rates, which in practice should increase catalyst and equipment life.

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“…There have been extensive studies of adiabatic autothermal reactors in the literature (Van Heerden, 1953, 1958Baddour et al, 1965;Ampaya and Rinker, 1977a,b;Inoue andKomiya, 1968, 1978;Mukosei et al, 1968). Van Heerden (1953) first investigated the steady-state behavior of an autothermal tubular reactor with internal heat exchange using the ammonia synthesis reactor as an example.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplicity features of adiabatic autothermal reactors

Lovo

Balakotaiah

1992

AIChE Journal

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Singularity theory, large activation energy asymptotics, and numerical methods are used to present a comprehensive study of the steady-state multiplicity features of three classical adiabatic autothermal reactor models: tubular reactor with internal heat exchange, tubular reactor with external heat exchange, and the CSTR with external heat exchange. Specifically, we derive the exact uniqueness-multiplicity boundary, determine typical cross-sections of the bifurcation set, and classify the different types of bifurcation diagrams of conversion us. residence time. Asymptotic (limiting) models are used to determine analytical expressions for the uniqueness boundary and the ignition and extinction points. The analytical results are used to present simple, explicit and accurate exp*essions defining the boundary of the region of autothermal operation in the physical parameter space.

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Steady-state simulation of an ammonia synthesis converter

Cited by 81 publications

References 2 publications

Averting extinction in autothermal catalytic reactor operations

Averting extinction in autothermal catalytic reactor operations

Simulated Behavior of an Autothermal Reactor Under Relaxed Steady-State Operation

Multiplicity features of adiabatic autothermal reactors

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