Steam sterilizable probes for dissolved oxygen measurement

Abstract

Steam‐sterilizable membrane probes for monitoring the dissolved oxygen level in fermentors, or the oxygen content of gas streams, are described. The probes have a silver cathode, a lead anode, and an acetate buffer as an electrolyte. The membrane is Teflon. The current output of the probes in the absence of oxygen is negligible.

Animal cell technology: from biopharmaceuticals to gene therapy

“…Another common type is the galvanic sensor, in which the oxidation reaction at the anode is capable of generating a voltage spontaneously (Pb! Pb þ2 + 2 e -) (Johnson et al, 2000).…”

An impedimetric biosensor for real-time monitoring of bacterial growth in a microbial fermentor

“…The requirements for convenient and safe counting methods have led to the development of sensors for real-time bioprocess monitoring of bacterial growth. In the previous work, various in situ monitoring systems have been developed to measure pH [2,3], dissolved oxygen [4], carbon dioxide [5], and optical density [6,7] (Table 1). Several methodologies for real-time sensing have been introduced for bioprocess monitoring, including impedimetric measurement [8][9][10], piezoelectric sensors [11,12], optical methods [13,14], and heat exchange monitoring [13,15,16] (Table 1).…”