Steamed and Fermented Ethanolic Extract from Codonopsis lanceolata Attenuates Amyloid‐β‐Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

Abstract

Codonopsis lanceolata (C. lanceolata) is a traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. We evaluated whether steamed and fermented C. lanceolata (SFC) extract improves amyloid-β- (Aβ-) induced learning and memory impairment in mice. The Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to evaluate the effect of SFC extract. Moreover, we investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the hippocampus of mice to determine a possible mechanism for the cognitive-enhancing effect. Saponin compounds in SFC were identified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). SFC extract ameliorated amyloid-β-induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. SFC extract inhibited AChE activity and also significantly increased the level of CREB phosphorylation, BDNF expression, and ERK activation in hippocampal tissue of amyloid-β-treated mice. Lancemasides A, B, C, D, E, and G and foetidissimoside A compounds present in SFC were determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. These results indicate that SFC extract improves Aβ-induced memory deficits and that AChE inhibition and CREB/BDNF/ERK expression is important for the effect of the SFC extract. In addition, lancemaside A specifically may be responsible for efficacious effect of SFC.

Ficus erecta Thunb. Leaves Ameliorate Cognitive Deficit and Neuronal Damage in a Mouse Model of Amyloid-β-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease

“…These results suggest that EEFE-mediated memory and cognitive impairment may be associated with activation of the CREB/BDNF signaling. Actually, many studies have reported that CREB/BDNF activation in the brain of experimental mice facilitates successful memory retrieval (Weon et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2018;Ma et al, 2019), implying that enhancers of CREB/BDNF pathway may have the potential for treatment of AD. In this respect, EEFE may be considered one of these candidate drugs.…”

Biotransformation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran by Ganoderma sessile and toxicological assessment of both compounds

“…That fermentation of Codonopsis plays a role of improving memory impairment, neuroprotective and antitumour have been investigated and reported (Lee et al 2015;Weon et al 2014Weon et al , 2016. However, most of the existing reports are about Codonopsis lanceolata, and there is no precedent for C. pilosula fermented by G. sessile.…”

Ficus Erecta Thunb. Leaves Protect Against Cognitive Deficit and Neuronal Damage in a Mouse Model of Amyloid-β-induced Alzheimer’s Disease

“…These results suggest that EEFE treatment enhanced memory and cognitive function through activation of CREB/BDNF signaling. Actually, many studies have reported that CREB/BDNF activation in the brain of experimental mice facilitates successful memory retrieval [35,39,40], implying that enhancers of CREB/BDNF pathway may have the potential for treatment of AD. In this respect, EEFE may be considered one of these candidate drugs.…”