“…Hydraulic scaling models predict ways that vessels should widen as path length increases. Based on anatomical studies, mean conduit diameter clearly seems wider in larger stems (Grew, 1682;Carlquist, 1969Carlquist, , 1984Carlquist, , 1985bCarlquist, ,1989Baas et al, 1988;Butterfield et al, 1993;Lens et al, 2004;Olson & Rosell, 2006;Wheeler et al, 2007;Christensen-Dalsgaard et al, 2008;V azquez-S anchez & Terrazas, 2011). Moreover, conduits in a limited sampling of conifers and angiosperms do appear to widen from the stem tip toward the base (Sanio, 1872;De Bary, 1884;Ewers & Zimmermann, 1984;Ewers et al, 2004;Anfodillo et al, 2005;McCulloh & Sperry, 2005;Hacke et al, 2006;Weitz et al, 2006;Coomes et al, 2007;Mencuccini et al, 2007Mencuccini et al, , 2011Olson, 2007;Nygren & Pallardy, 2008;Sperry et al, 2008;Terrazas et al, 2008;Fan et al, 2009;Petit & Anfodillo, 2011).…”