Stem Cell Banking for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine

Abstract

Regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and gene therapy offer the opportunity to treat and cure many of today’s intractable afflictions. These approaches to personalized medicine often utilize stem cells to accomplish these goals. However, stem cells can be negatively affected by donor variables such as age and health status at the time of collection, compromising their efficacy. Stem cell banking offers the opportunity to cryogenically preserve stem cells at their most potent state for later use in these applications. Practical stem cell sources include bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and tissue, and adipose tissue. Each of these sources contains stem cells that can be obtained from most individuals, without too much difficulty and in an economical fashion. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each stem cell source, factors to be considered when contemplating banking each stem cell source, the methodology required to bank each stem cell source, and finally, current and future clinical uses of each stem cell source.

Tissue engineering strategies combining molecular targets against inflammation and fibrosis, and umbilical cord blood stem cells to improve hampered muscle and skin regeneration following cleft repair

“…The umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC) can be taken from the amniotic membrane, the cord lining, Wharton's jelly, and the perivascular region of the umbilical cord . The umbilical cord blood and tissue contain a heterogeneous mixture of stem and progenitor cells at different stages of differentiation . It is an attractive source of stem cells because it is considered biowaste accompanying the delivery of a baby.…”

“…The isolation of MSCs from bone marrow or adipose tissue from the baby is rather invasive and can cause complications such as infection, bleeding, and chronic pain . Moreover, it is expensive to harvest them and to expand them by controlled cell culture . Therefore, there is a need for alternative sources of MSCs.…”

International Practice of Storing Human Cell Lines Intended for Clinical Use

“…Современная законодательная база всех стран, даже тех, в которых разрешено получение и работа с ЭСК человека, направлена на регулирование и снижение числа появления новых линий в связи с аспектами, предъявляемыми морально-этическими комитетами этих стран. Так, комитетом по исследованиям стволовых клеток Великобритании (The Committee on Stem Cell Research) были составлены рекомендации по необходимости снижения числа исследовательских организаций, которые могли бы получать новые клеточные линии СК, что, в свою очередь, привело бы к снижению востребованности в научных кругах человеческих тканей и эмбрионов 3 .…”

“…Таким образом, требуется создание охарактеризованных согласно требованиям надлежащих практик и других нормативно-правовых документов банков клеток (БК): главных БК и рабочих БК. Характеристика линий, заложенных в банк, как правило, должна включать определение специфического фенотипа и генотипа клеток, пролиферативного потенциала, генетической стабильности, стерильности, отсутствия вирусной и микоплазменной контаминации [3].…”

Stem cells; mesenchymal stem cells and current clinical applications

“…Fakat kemik ili¤i kaynaklı olan MHK'ler daha uzun süredir çalııldı¤ı için klinik güvenilirli¤i ve uygulamasına ait veriler de daha fazladır. [15,19,20] Kemik ili¤i kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücreler (K‹-MKH): Organizmanın en zengin kök hücre kaynaklarından biri sayılan kemik ili¤i stroması hematopoetik ve MKH'leri, endoteliyal hücreleri, fibroblastları, retikulum hücrelerini, adipositleri ve osteogenik hücreleri bir arada içeren heterojenik bir hücre popülasyonudur. Mezenkimal kök hüc-reler kemik ili¤i stromasındaki tüm bu hücrelerin yaklaık %0.01'ini oluturmaktadır.…”