Stem Cell Homing in Intrathecal Applications and Inspirations for Improvement Paths

Abstract

A transplanted stem cell homing is a directed migration from the application site to the targeted tissue. Intrathecal application of stem cells is their direct delivery to cerebrospinal fluid, which defines the homing path from the point of injection to the brain. In the case of neurodegenerative diseases, this application method has the advantage of no blood–brain barrier restriction. However, the homing efficiency still needs improvement and homing mechanisms elucidation. Analysis of current research results on homing mechanisms in the light of intrathecal administration revealed a discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro results and a gap between preclinical and clinical research. Combining the existing research with novel insights from cutting-edge biochips, nano, and other technologies and computational models may bridge this gap faster.

Cytokine Dynamics in Autism: Analysis of BMAC Therapy Outcomes

“…Our results connote essential links between CSF cytokine levels and early improvements in ASD symptoms: regulation of cytokine patterns contributes to significant improvements in the child's behavior during the first six months. This implies the successful homing [49] of autologous BMAC and cytokines to the brain, where they acted on targeted cell types. In the brain, this immunological influx triggered neuroplasticity [50].…”

“…Previous studies have confirmed the positive healing promise and safety of cell therapies in ASD patients (Table 9) [27,31,[45][46][47][48][49][50]. However, it is hard to qualitatively compare the results between the studies due to the deployment of different evaluation metrics, cell therapy protocols, and cultural and post-treatments rehabilitation differences that may influence the results between the follow-up periods.…”

Harnessing the Stem Cell Niche in Regenerative Medicine: Innovative Avenue to Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…The niche produces chemotactic factors like SDF-1 to guide migration and homing of circulating stem cells back to their niche residence after injury or transplantation [23].…”

“…Some transplanted stem cells demonstrate remarkable homing capacity, migrating to sites of injury or disease [23,88]. The natural niche provides molecular guidance cues facilitating such directed stem cell motility [89].…”

Isolation, culture, and delivery considerations for the use of mesenchymal stem cells in potential therapies for acute liver failure

“…Once MSCs rolled to the vascular wall, a few significant ligands related to MSC extravasation, such as CD44 (HCAM), CXCR4, and VLA-4, were triggered. The adherence process occurs when the adhesion molecule selectin ligand CD44 (HCAM) expressed by MSCs interacts with selectins located on ECs ( 94 , 95 ). Notably, CD44 is a significant target for modifying MSCs.…”