Stem Cell Therapy in Wound Healing

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex restorative process of the altered cutaneous tissue, which is impaired by numerous local and systemic factors, leading to chronic non-healing lesions with few efficient therapeutic options. Stem cells possess the capacity to differentiate into various types of cell lines. Furthermore, stem cells are able to secrete cytokines and growth factors, modulating inflammation and ultimately leading to angiogenesis, fibrogenesis, and epithelization. Because of their paracrine activity, these cells are able to attract other cell types to the base of the wound, improving the formation of new skin layers. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from the adipose tissue, bone marrow, and placenta, offer numerous ways of implementation. The process of harvesting, growing, and administrating stem cells depends on the site and type of the cells, but recent trial results showed improvement of wound healing independent of the administration site. Bioengineered skin substitutes are validated for treatment of chronic wounds with direct application on the skin surface. These offer physical scaffolding for the migrating cells and promote secretion of growth factors, thus facilitating rapid wound healing. Obtaining further clinical data is essential, but stem cell therapy may become a first-line therapeutic choice for the treatment of non-healing chronic wounds.

Novel trends in application of stem cells in skin wound healing

“…During wound healing, MSCs take part in all stages of this process and were proven to persist at the wound site even after the completion of healing (Pratheesh et al, 2017). They coordinate the inflammatory process, modulate fibrosis and reduce scarring, as they show strong immunomodulatory and immunoregulatory characteristics demonstrated by release of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors (Hu et al, 2014;Mester et al, 2017;Ren et al, 2008). It is reported, that human MSCs release over 30 biomolecules, that promote wound healing (Hwang et al, 2009).…”

Cell Therapy: The New Approach to Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery

“…Stem cells possess characteristics like pluripotency and self-renewing properties [83]. These cells can secrete immunomodulatory cytokines to promote and coordinate angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and tissue regeneration [5]. Generally, stem cells resemble other mature cells but have no unique morphologic feature [5].…”

“…The field of cell therapy has been enjoying a period of considerable activity and progress in the last decade [1]. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a viable alternative for the treatment of complex pathologies and tissue regeneration [5]. The challenge has moved on to harness the potential of stem cells for therapeutic uses and more research [1].…”

In vitro Differentiation of Hair Follicle Stem Cell into Keratinocyte by Simvastatin

“…Adult HFSCs are more accessible, because they are not tumorigenic and have the immunomodulatory capacity [ 5 , 6 ] . HFSCs were found to contribute to wound healing after skin injury by migration and differentiation into epidermal cells [ 7 ] . Studies have shown strong multipotency of bulge stem cells, where they were attracted to differentiate into neurons, glial cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, and mesenchymal cells; also, they were detected to contribute to angiogenesis [ 8 - 12 ] .…”