Stem cells and tooth regeneration: prospects for personalized dentistry

Abstract

Over the last several decades, a wealth of information has become available regarding various sources of stem cells and their potential use for regenerative purposes. Given the intense debate regarding embryonic stem cells, much of the focus has centered around application of adult stem cells for regenerative engineering along with other relevant aspects including use of growth factors and scaffolding materials. The more recent discovery of tooth-derived stem cells has sparked much interest in their application to regenerative dentistry to treat and alleviate the most prevalent oral diseases-i.e., dental caries and periodontal diseases. Also exciting is the advent of induced pluripotent stem cells, which provides the means of using patient-derived somatic cells for their creation, and their eventual application for generation of the dental complex. Thus, evolving developments in the field of regenerative dentistry indicate the prospect of constructing Bcustom-made^tooth and supporting structures thereby fostering the realization of Bpersonalized dentistry.^On the other hand, others have explored the possibility of augmenting endogenous regenerative capacity through utilization of small molecules to regulate molecular signaling mechanisms that mediate regeneration of tooth structure. This review is focused on these aspects of regenerative dentistry in view of their relevance to personalized dentistry.

Мезенхімальні Стовбурові Клітини Одонтогенного Походження: Перспективи Та Можливості Регенеративної Медицини

“…Стовбурові клітини -це незрілі клітини, які характеризуються високим потенціалом проліферації та диференціації за різними клітинними лініями залежно від сигналів внутрішнього та зовнішнього біологічного середовища. Ці неспеціалізовані клітини мають дві важливі характеристики: по-перше, вони здатні до самостійного відновлення шляхом поділу клітин навіть після тривалих періодів призупиненого поділу генетичними сигналами, по-друге, за певних фізіологічних чи експериментальних умов вони можуть утворювати функціональні клітини тієї чи іншої тканини або органу [4].…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Cornerstone in a Galaxy of Intercellular Signals: Basis for a New Era of Medicine

“…However, these materials are not capable of replacing biological functions of lost tissue, leading to the reduced mechanical properties and reduced vitality of the teeth. Therefore, stem cell-based therapies would be an improving approach to repair or replace the damaged or lost tissues of teeth in order to recover the morphological and biological functions [ 204 ]. Recently, it was shown that UC-MSC possess the ability to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells under the microenvironment induced by a liquid extract of human treated dentin matrix in vitro [ 205 ].…”

Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles as cell‐free therapy: Perspectives in periodontal regeneration

“…They can be isolated from a wide variety of tissues, including dental tissues. They can renew themselves and differentiate under stimulation to yield some specialized cell types 10 …”