Stem cells in myelotoxicity

Hematopoietic and myeloprotective activities of an acidic Angelica sinensis polysaccharide on human CD34+ stem cells

“…The hematopoietic colony-forming assay is a hematopoietic activity evaluation method based on colony formation of HSCs on semi-solid medium, with HSCs being the stem cells capable of self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Major sources of HSCs in humans include bone marrow and UCB, but the latter is a better candidate because it is immature and can be collected via non-invasive methods to avoid possible ethical concerns (Parent-Massin et al, 2010). CD34 + being one of the most important antigen expressed in the earliest progenitors of human HSCs (Watt and Vissert, 1992), it was used as the marker to separate HSCs from UCB.…”

In vitromyelotoxic effects of cypermethrin and mancozeb on human hematopoietic progenitor cells

“…Clonogenic assays using hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells after exposure to various chemicals have proven to be sensitive indicators of toxicity (Noble & Sina, 1993;ParentMassin, 2001;Parent-Massin et al, 2010). These assays have a higher degree of predictability than conventional evaluations like peripheral blood cell counts (Parchment et al, 1993) and bone marrow cytology for the assessment of hematotoxic potential.…”

“…Often in vitro hematotoxicity assays study the acute effect of toxicants on hematopoietic progenitors such as erythroid, granulocyte-macrophage, and megakaryocyte cells (Parent-Massin, 2001;Parent-Massin et al, 2010). These in vitro studies quantify the number of surviving progenitors as a function of exposure level, under optimal stimulatory conditions (Bradley and Metcalf, 1966;Metcalf, 1984).…”

“…These in vitro studies quantify the number of surviving progenitors as a function of exposure level, under optimal stimulatory conditions (Bradley and Metcalf, 1966;Metcalf, 1984). By mimicking in vivo physiological conditions, use of specific cytokine compositions in the medium allow for progenitors to differentiate into phenotypically-distinct colonies (Clarke et al 2007;Parent-Massin et al, 2010).…”

The suppression of hematopoiesis function in Balb/c mice induced by prolonged exposure of microcystin-LR

“…Various hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in bone marrow, including granulocyte-macrophage (GM-CSF), granulocyte (G-CSF) and macrophage (M-CSF) colony stimulating factor; interleukin (IL)-3; interleukin (IL)-6 (Wang et al, 1991;Chen et al, 1993). Hematopoietic system is a susceptible target for the xenobiotic toxicity due to its rapid rate of cell renewal and differentiation, and the xenobiotic may interfere with cell proliferation and differentiation (Parent-Massin et al, 2010). MCs lead to DNA damage in bone marrow, and the bone marrow is an important target organ (Gaodin et al, 2008).…”