Stem Cells in Plastic Surgery: A Review of Current Clinical and Translational Applications

Abstract

BackgroundStem cells are a unique cell population characterized by self-renewal and cellular differentiation capabilities. These characteristics, among other traits, make them an attractive option for regenerative treatments of tissues defects and for aesthetic procedures in plastic surgery. As research regarding the isolation, culture and behavior of stem cells has progressed, stem cells, particularly adult stem cells, have shown promising results in both translational and clinical applications.MethodsThe purpose of this review is to evaluate the applications of stem cells in the plastic surgery literature, with particular focus on the advances and limitations of current stem cell therapies. Different key areas amenable to stem cell therapy are addressed in the literature review; these include regeneration of soft tissue, bone, cartilage, and peripheral nerves, as well as wound healing and skin aging.ResultsThe reviewed studies demonstrate promising results, with favorable outcomes and minimal complications in the cited cases. In particular, adipose tissue derived stem cell (ADSC) transplants appear to provide effective treatment options for bony and soft tissue defects, and non-healing wounds. ADSCs have also been shown to be useful in aesthetic surgery.ConclusionsFurther studies involving both the basic and clinical science aspects of stem cell therapies are warranted. In particular, the mechanism of action of stem cells, their interactions with the surrounding microenvironment and their long-term fate require further elucidation. Larger randomized trials are also necessary to demonstrate the continued safety of transplanted stem cells as well as the efficacy of cellular therapies in comparison to the current standards of care.

Potenzial adipogener Stammzellen bei radiogenen Wundheilungsstörungen

“…Wound healing · Radiation therapy · Fibroblasts · Endothelial cells · Stem cells ne und Wachstumsfaktoren wird durch eine externe Bestrahlung nachhaltig gestört [14,15]. Dies kann zu einer anhaltenden entzündlichen Gewebeverän-derung mit dem Auftreten chronischer Wunden führen.…”

Cranioplasty with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Granules and Supporting Mesh: Six-Year Clinical Follow-Up Results

“…Bone tissue engineering techniques with or without ASCs have been studied actively during past decades 26, 27, 28. ASCs are multipotent cells that are recognized as potentially beneficial in wide variety of medical therapies in reconstructive surgery 27, 28, 29, 30.…”

“…ASCs are multipotent cells that are recognized as potentially beneficial in wide variety of medical therapies in reconstructive surgery 27, 28, 29, 30. The potential of these cells has evoked great enthusiasm and high expectations in both scientific and commercial circles.…”

Inhibition of penile tunica albuginea myofibroblasts activity by adipose‑derived stem cells

“…In mounting experimental or pre-clinical studies, researchers found that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could prevent the development of tissue fibrosis (9,10). Previously studies proved that MSCs could slow the progression of fibrosis, and reverse functional remodeling in heart, liver, kidney, and lung tissues (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) belonged to the family of MSCs.…”