Stemodia maritima L. Extract Decreases Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Alveolar Bone Loss in an Experimental Periodontitis Rat Model

Abstract

Periodontitis is very prevalent worldwide and is one of the major causes of tooth loss in adults. About 80% of the worldwide population use medicinal plants for their health care. Stemodia maritima L. (S. maritima) antioxidant and antimicrobial effects in vitro as well as anti-inflammatory properties. Herein, the potential therapeutic effect of S. maritima was assessed in rats subjected to experimental periodontitis (EP). EP was induced in female Wistar rats by nylon thread ligature around 2nd upper left molars for 11 days. Animals received (per os) S. maritima (0.2; 1 or 5 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline + DMSO) 1 h before ligature and then once daily for 11 days. The naive group had no manipulation. After this time-point, the animals were terminally anesthetized, and the maxillae were removed for morphometric and histological analyzes (HE). Gingival tissues were dissected to cytokine levels detection (TNF-α, IL1-β, CINC-1, and IL-10), enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) analysis, as well as gene expression (TNF-α, IL-1β, RANK, and iNOS) by qRT-PCR. Systemic parameters (weight variation, plasma levels of hepatic enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, total alkaline phosphatase (TALP), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) were performed. Histological analysis of the stomach, liver, kidney, and heart was also performed. S. maritima (5 mg/kg) decreased alveolar bone loss, TNF-α and CINC-1 gingival levels, oxidative stress, and transcription of TNF-α, IL1-β, RANK, and iNOS genes. It elevated both BALP activity and IL-10 gingival levels. The animals showed no any signs of toxicity. In conclusion, S. maritima reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress, and alveolar bone loss in a pre-clinical trial of periodontitis. S. maritima is a potential tool for controlling the development of periodontitis.

Protective effect of Platymiscium floribundum Vog. in tree extract on periodontitis inflammation in rats

“…floribundum increased both markers for oxidative stress. These data are in accordance with previous results of our group showing the antioxidant effect of natural extracts from Stemodia maritima L. and Calendula offinalis [24], [31]…”

“…Also, some authors have suggested the potential involvement of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the regulation of the chronic inflammatory periodontitis. In fact, our research group recently showed that ligature-induced periodontitis in rats was related to a significant decrease in gingival levels of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine [24] In the preset study, P . floribundum (10mg/kg) decreased TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-8/CINC-1 gingival levels and transcription of TNF-α, IL1-β, RANK and RANKL genes, while elevated IL-10 gingival levels, which suggestes that the protective effect of P .…”

Histological Assessment of Albino Rats Periodontal Ligament in Different Ages Comparing Its Width With Human in Corresponding Ages

“…Albino rats were chosen for this study because they are considered relevant models for experimental periodontal research (Struillou et al, 2010), owing to the similarity in the structure of their dentogingival area and nature of the junctional epithelial attachment (Yamasaki et al 1979). The structure and organization of rat periodontal tissue and 1335 anatomy in the molar region is also similar to that of humans, with the exception of their sulcular epithelium, which is keratinized rather than non-keratinized as in humans (Teixeira et al, 2017).…”

Implantable zoledronate-PLGA microcapsules ameliorate alveolar bone loss, gingival inflammation and oxidative stress in an experimental periodontitis rat model

“…SOD was valued as the absorbance at 560 nm. 25 For CAT detection, 20 µl homogenate was mixed with 5 nM Tris-HCl EDTA buffer and 3% H 2 O 2 . The absorbance at 230 nm was detected immediately and 6 mins after mixing samples.…”