Stereotactic body radiation therapy: an emerging technique for prostate cancer treatment

Abstract

Purpose: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) is treatment using stereotactic techniques outside of the brain. SBRT involves accurate delivery of an extremely hypofractionated treatment which should be beneficial for tumours with a low α/β ratio. The focus of the review is on low risk localised prostate cancer due to the low α/β ratio and lack of research into the region. This will help to determine if further research into SBRT for prostate cancer is warranted. Methods: A review of the literature was performed to discover the history and current use of SBRT for various body sites. Results: SBRT has been investigated for lung and liver cancers with studies finding toxicity and survival outcomes equivalent to conventional radiation therapy. Research into the use of SBRT in other body sites has also been conducted. However, short follow up times, small patient populations and lack of randomised trials mean the results are not of the highest reliability. The same limitations are true of studies examining SBRT for prostate cancer. Despite these limitations, positive acute toxicity and survival outcomes were observed across five studies into SBRT for prostate cancer. Conclusion: There has been no published study into the use of SBRT for prostate cancer within Australia. Theoretical modelling suggests prostate cancer will respond well to the hypofractionated treatment provided by SBRT. Good clinical outcomes with reduced treatment times are possible with SBRT making it a more convenient treatment option for the patient. SBRT also allows greater patient throughput in radiation oncology departments.