Sterilization with gaseous ethylene oxide: A review of chemical and physical factors

Ernst, Robert R.; Doyle, John E.

doi:10.1002/bit.260100102

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although not often used with plants, 5% solutions of formalin or phenol were effective decontaminators after 10-and 15-min contact times, respectively (Kruse et al, 1964). Application of either ethylene oxide (850 mg/l) (Ernst and Doyle, 1968) or formaldehyde gas (10.6 mg/l) for 4-6 hr (Sweet, 1971) is effective with surfaces which are hard to wet.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Surface Decontamination of Seeds to Produce Axenic Seedlings

Sweet

Bolton

1979

American J of Botany

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A variety of sterilizing agents were tested to develop a standard procedure for surface decontaminating seeds to produce axenic seedlings. The use of calcium hypochlorite (0.5% phosphate buffer, pH 6) for 10 min followed by three sterile water rinses was among the most effective agents, and it did not injure some species as did sodium hypochlorite, formaldehyde, ethylene oxide and mercuric chloride. Some species contained internal microbes requiring severe treatments which killed or injured the seedling, while other species were “decontaminated” with a sterile water rinse. The percentage of seeds with internal microbes varied considerably among plant species, seed lot, and the length of seed storage. Thus, with seeds not easily decontaminated, screening of additional seed lots would be more profitable than testing additional decontamination agents. Release of microbes from the seed's interior is associated with germination, and microbial testing must last at least 11 days. Nutrient agar permitted growth, although the seedlings outgrew petri plates too quickly for adequate certification. These seedlings were transferred to nutrient agar in quart jars in which an internal pool of broth was periodically agitated to permit microbial sampling of the leaves while the plant grew.

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The Surface Decontamination of Seeds to Produce Axenic Seedlings

Sweet

Bolton

1979

American J of Botany

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“…It is commonly used in healthcare facilities to sterilize critical items as well as semi-critical items and items that are moisture or heat sensitive. [ 52 ]…”

Section: Process Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reprocessing and reuse of urological armamentarium: How correct are we!

et al. 2017

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Healthcare is expensive for a large proportion of the population in spite of high per capita income and good health insurance penetration. In an effort to reduce cost of the procedure, reprocessing of devices was started in the late 1970s. Reprocessing practice includes various measures such as proper cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization procedures. As reprocessing is aimed at reducing cost, there is a potential risk of compromising patient safety due to cross contamination after inadequate sterilization. There is also risk of performance alteration of urological reprocessed devices during sterilization/disinfection processing. Therefore, there is a need for formulating proper guidelines to decide methods of reprocessing for various urological equipment. There is also need to discuss the problematic areas that urologists face and to find their solutions. A PubMed search was made in September 2016, using key words “reprocessing of medical devices,” “Single Use Devices,” “methods of reprocessing of devices in clinical practice,” “use of formalin chamber,” “urological disposable sterilization,” etc., After excluding duplicates, all English articles were reviewed by title and abstract. Full texts of selected articles were obtained, and these articles were cross-referenced to find any other related articles. All the articles were reviewed. A product can be reused if it can be economically reprocessed with validated protocols with preservation of its function. There is no reason to discard it after one use. This practice is useful for controlling economics of a urological case and to reduce the financial burden. Current Food and Drug Administration guidelines are stringent. The contamination described to test the sterilization process in the suggested guidelines actually does never exist in clinical practice. Therefore, new guidelines considering the clinical practice scenario are desirable.

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“…Each of these methods has been individually treated in a number of reports. Three reviews were published on sterilization by ethylene oxide in which chemical and physical factors were considered (292)(293)(294). Three reviews were published on sterilization by ethylene oxide in which chemical and physical factors were considered (292)(293)(294).…”

Section: Pharmaceutical Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%