Steroid Metabolome Analysis in Disorders of Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis and Metabolism

Abstract

Steroid biosynthesis and metabolism are reflected by the serum steroid metabolome and, in even more detail, by the 24-hour urine steroid metabolome, which can provide unique insights into alterations of steroid flow and output indicative of underlying conditions. Mass spectrometry–based steroid metabolome profiling has allowed for the identification of unique multisteroid signatures associated with disorders of steroid biosynthesis and metabolism that can be used for personalized approaches to diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and prognostic prediction. Additionally, steroid metabolome analysis has been used successfully as a discovery tool, for the identification of novel steroidogenic disorders and pathways as well as revealing insights into the pathophysiology of adrenal disease. Increased availability and technological advances in mass spectrometry–based methodologies have refocused attention on steroid metabolome profiling and facilitated the development of high-throughput steroid profiling methods soon to reach clinical practice. Furthermore, steroid metabolomics, the combination of mass spectrometry–based steroid analysis with machine learning–based approaches, has facilitated the development of powerful customized diagnostic approaches. In this review, we provide a comprehensive up-to-date overview of the utility of steroid metabolome analysis for the diagnosis and management of inborn disorders of steroidogenesis and autonomous adrenal steroid excess in the context of adrenal tumors.

Isolation and Characterization of Flavonoids from Black Glutinous Rice (Oryza Sativa L. Var Glutinosa)

“…Vibration uptake appears at wave groups contained in the DOI : 10.24036/eksakta/vol20-iss02/186 http://www.eksakta.ppj.unp.ac.id sample. The FT-IR spectrum shows number 1,019.27 cm -1 (1,300-900 cm -1 ) which is a strain vibration of C-O alcohol, this confirms that the isolated flavonoids have a hydroxy (OH) functional group [14]. C-O without OH at 1112.25 cm -1 (1300-1000 cm -1 ).…”

“…This shows the double bond in the conjugated flavonoid powder [12]. The addition of NaOH shear reactor causes a shift in wavelength to show the presence of OH on ring B [14] anthocyanin and anthocyanidin compounds will decompose with the addition of NaOH. The UV-Vis spectrum can be seen in Figure 1.…”

Deep androgen receptor suppression in prostate cancer exploits sexually dimorphic renal expression for systemic glucocorticoid exposure

“…THF and THE, is used to evaluate 11b-HSD2 genetic deficiency. 21,22 We therefore assessed the THF/THE ratios, and similar to the changes in absolute cortisol concentrations and F/E ratios, found that the THF/ THE ratio increased in 24/25 (96%) patients, 28/38 (74%) patients and 47/54 (87%) patients in study 1, study 2 and study 3, respectively. The cohorts in all three studies had a statistically significant rise in THF/THE (P < 0.001 for all studies).…”

Adrenal Incidentaloma

“…Twenty-four-hour urine steroid excretion analysis represents a more accurate estimate of total corticosteroid production and of adrenal precursor steroids and metabolites ( 342 , 343 ) and therefore has significant potential in the assessment of adrenal diseases. This has been extensively reviewed by Storbeck et al ( 344 ).…”