Steroids Regulate SLC2A1 and SLC2A3 to Deliver Glucose Into Trophectoderm for Metabolism via Glycolysis

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The conceptuses (embryo/fetus and placental membranes) of pigs require energy to support elongation and implantation, and amounts of glucose and fructose increase in the uterine lumen during the peri-implantation period. Conceptuses from day 16 of pregnancy were incubated with either 14C-glucose or 14C-fructose and amounts of radiolabeled CO2 released from the conceptuses measured to determine rates of oxidation of glucose and fructose. Glucose and fructose both transport into conceptuses, and glucose is preferentially metabolized in the presence of fructose, whereas fructose is actively metabolized in the absence of glucose and to a lesser extent in the presence of glucose. Endometrial and placental expression of glucose transporters SLC2A1, SLC2A2, SCL2A3, and SLC2A4 were determined. SLC2A1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein, and SLC2A4 mRNA were abundant in the uterine luminal epithelium of pregnant compared to cycling gilts, and increased in response to progesterone and conceptus-secreted estrogen. SLC2A2 mRNA was expressed weakly by conceptus trophectoderm on day 15 of pregnancy, whereas SLC2A3 mRNA was abundant in trophectoderm/chorion throughout pregnancy. Therefore, glucose can be transported into the uterine lumen by SLC2A1, and then into conceptuses by SLC2A3. On day 60 of gestation, the cell-specific expression of these transporters was more complex, suggesting that glucose and fructose transporters are precisely regulated in a spatial-temporal pattern along the uterine-placental interface of pigs to maximize hexose sugar transport to the pig conceptus/placenta.</jats:p>

Potential ligand-receptor-pathway cascades and a novel non-metabolic function of lactate in remodeling uterine receptivity by inducing endometrial histone lactylation at implantation, revealed by a proteomic atlas of maternal-fetal crosstalk

“…Particularly, our study presents the potential ligand-receptor-pathway cascades landscape at the maternal-fetal interface. Our reanalysis revealed an enhanced glycolysis in the ovine conceptus by implantation stage, which is line with results reported in mice, pigs and cattle (54)(55)(56)(57). More recently, the bovine conceptus metabolomic pro ling based on conditioned media analysis suggested that conceptus-derived glycolytic metabolite may diffuse to microenvironment at maternal-fetal interface by implantation stage (57).…”

“…3D) using previously published transcriptomic data (49). The results showed a tendency towards enhanced glycolysis, which agreed with that reported in other species (54)(55)(56)(57). Given that glycolysis is less e cient in terms of ATP production compared with oxidative phosphorylation, it has been thought that there might be non-energy providing functions of glycolysis in peri-implantation embryos (58,59).…”

A novel non-metabolic function of lactate in remodeling uterine receptivity by inducing endometrial histone lactylation, revealed by a proteomic atlas of maternal-fetal crosstalk in sheep

“…3D) using previously published transcriptomic data [45]. The results showed a tendency towards enhanced glycolysis, which agreed with that reported in other species [48][49][50]. Given that glycolysis is less e cient in terms of ATP production compared with oxidative phosphorylation, it has been thought that there might be non-energy providing functions of glycolysis in peri-implantation embryos [51,52].…”

Integrated Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Impact of Photodynamic Therapy on Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells

“…As shown in Figure 1D , we observed that SLC2A3 (GLUT-3), SLC35F6 , ABCC1 (MRP1), SLC22A18 (efflux transporter-like protein), and SLC17A5 (acidic Sugar Transporter) are significantly inhibited, while ABCC4 (MRP4) is significantly up-regulated. The down-regulation of SLC2A3 and SLC17A5 implied that PDT might affect the cellular uptake of glucose into brain parenchyma tissue, owing to that these genes are highly associated with glucose uptake ( 33 , 34 ). ABCC1 , ABCC4 , and SLC22A18 participate in the drug resistance pathway ( 35 ).…”