Sterols Biosynthesis in Algae

Fagundes, Mariane Bittencourt; Wagner, Roger

doi:10.5772/intechopen.96719

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…On the other hand, in the extract (methanol and hexane, 1:1 v/v) of Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne, (3 β )-cholest-5-en-3-ol failed to feature as one of the major compounds, showing only 2% of peak area ( Mofeed et al, 2022 ). This class of metabolite is essential to the cellular structure of several organisms and it is associated with different biological activities, such as antioxidant, antiviral, and antitumor activity ( Alassali et al, 2016 ; Thirumurugan et al, 2018 ; Fagundes & Wagner, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical diversity and antifouling activity of geniculate calcareous algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil

Oliveira

Araújo

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Marine biofouling is a natural process by which many organisms colonize and grow in submerged structures, causing serious economic consequences for the maritime industry. Geniculate calcareous algae (GCA; Corallinales, Rhodophyta) produce bioactive secondary metabolites and are a promise for new antifouling compounds. Here, we investigated the antifouling activity of four GCA species—Amphiroa beauvoisii, Jania sagittata (formerly Cheilosporum sagittatum), Jania crassa, and Jania prolifera (formerly Amphiroa flabellata)—from the Brazilian coast against macro- and microorganisms. Simultaneously, metabolomic tools were applied to assess the chemical profiles of these seaweeds using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Data analysis by principal component and molecular networking analyses used the global natural products social molecular networking platform (GNPS). Our results showed that all extracts were active against different strains of marine bacteria and that the J. sagittata (JsSI) extract showed the highest percentage of bacterial inhibition. The J. sagittata (JsSI) extract was the most active against the mussel Perna perna, showing 100% byssus inhibition. Regarding toxicity, only the J. crassa (JcP) extract showed a 20% mortality rate. The chemical profiles of the evaluated GCA extracts differed qualitatively and quantitatively. Yet, the steroid (3β)-cholest-5-en-3-ol was the major compound commonly identified in all extracts, with the exception of J. sagittata (JsSI). Moreover, we observed intra- and interspecific chemical variabilities among GCA extracts for the different populations, which could explain their antifouling activity variability. This study contributed new information about the chemical compounds produced by this group of seaweeds and showed its antifouling potential. These GCA species may be the subject of future studies to obtain new bioactive compounds with biotechnological potential in maritime areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical diversity and antifouling activity of geniculate calcareous algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil

Oliveira

Araújo

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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“…GO analysis revealed significant enrichments of gene sets related to antibiotic and drug processes across all treatments. In addition, all treatments showed upregulation of genes potentially related to the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including polyketides and sterols, compounds known to cause harm to marine organism (Agrawal et al, 2017;Fagundes and Wagner, 2021). While increased transcript abundance was typically not universal for all genes within a given pathway, even partial increased transcription within a pathway can evidence increased protein synthesis (Dyhrman et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sterols comprise a group of bioactive compounds that can have antibiotic, antiviral, and antioxidant effects (Fagundes and Wagner, 2021). A. anophagefferens and other members of Pelagophyceae produce the unique sterol compound 24-propylidenecholesterol (Giner and Boyer, 1998;Giner et al, 2009) and traces of other rare sterols have been detected in A. anophagefferens (Giner et al, 2009).…”

Section: Sterolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unique composition of sterols found in A. anophagefferens may function to inhibit assimilation of dietary sterols in predators, as seen in other HABs (Gobler et al, 2004). Sterols are produced from isoprenoid building blocks of either isopentenyl diphosphate or dimethylallyl pyrophosphate produced by the mevalonic acid (MVA) or the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathways (Fagundes and Wagner, 2021). A dimethylallyltranstransferase gene displayed increased transcript abundance in both of the low treatments and an isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase gene displayed increased transcript abundance in the direct, low treatment.…”

Section: Sterolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcription of biochemical defenses by the harmful brown tide pelagophyte, Aureococcus anophagefferens, in response to the protozoan grazer, Oxyrrhis marina

Dawydiak,

Gobler

2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Aureococcus anophagefferens is a small marine pelagophyte that forms recurrent harmful brown tides blooms with adverse ecological and economic impacts. During blooms, A. anophagefferens experiences lower zooplankton grazing mortality than other phytoplankton potentially due to the synthesis of anti-predator compounds including extracellular polysaccharides. This study characterized the transcriptomic response of A. anophagefferens when exposed to the protozooplankton, Oxyrrhis marina, and assessed whether this response involved chemical cues. Transcriptomes were generated from A. anophagefferens populations grown at high (1×106 cells mL−1) and low (5×105 cells mL−1) cell densities incubated directly with O. marina or receiving only filtrate from co-cultures of A. anophagefferens and O. marina to evaluate the role of chemical cues. There were a greater number of genes differentially expressed in response to grazing in the lower concentration of A. anophagefferens compared to the high concentration treatment and in response to direct grazing compared to filtrate. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that direct grazer exposure led to a significant increase in transcripts of genes encoding secondary metabolite production (p < 0.001). There was broad transcriptional evidence indicating the induction of biosynthetic pathways for polyketides and sterols in response to zooplankton grazers, compounds associated with damage to marine organisms. In addition, exposure to O. marina elicited changes in the abundance of transcripts associated with carbohydrate metabolism that could support the formation of an extracellular polysaccharide matrix including genes related to glycoprotein synthesis and carbohydrate transport. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that A. anophagefferens can induce biochemical pathways that reduce grazing mortality and support blooms.

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Aeroterrestrial and Extremophilic Microalgae as Promising Sources for Lipids and Lipid Nanoparticles in Dermal Cosmetics

2022

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Microscopic prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae (microalgae), which can be effectively grown in mass cultures, are gaining increasing interest in cosmetics. Up to now, the main attention was on aquatic algae, while species from aeroterrestrial and extreme environments remained underestimated. In these habitats, algae accumulate high amounts of some chemical substances or develop specific compounds, which cause them to thrive in inimical conditions. Among such biologically active molecules is a large family of lipids, which are significant constituents in living organisms and valuable ingredients in cosmetic formulations. Therefore, natural sources of lipids are increasingly in demand in the modern cosmetic industry and its innovative technologies. Among novelties in skin care products is the use of lipid nanoparticles as carriers of dermatologically active ingredients, which enhance their penetration and release in the skin strata. This review is an attempt to comprehensively cover the available literature on the high-value lipids from microalgae, which inhabit aeroterrestrial and extreme habitats (AEM). Data on different compounds of 87 species, subspecies and varieties from 53 genera (represented by more than 141 strains) from five phyla are provided and, despite some gaps in the current knowledge, demonstrate the promising potential of AEM as sources of valuable lipids for novel skin care products.

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Sterols Biosynthesis in Algae

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

Chemical diversity and antifouling activity of geniculate calcareous algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil

Chemical diversity and antifouling activity of geniculate calcareous algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil

Transcription of biochemical defenses by the harmful brown tide pelagophyte, Aureococcus anophagefferens, in response to the protozoan grazer, Oxyrrhis marina

Aeroterrestrial and Extremophilic Microalgae as Promising Sources for Lipids and Lipid Nanoparticles in Dermal Cosmetics

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