Stiffness, strength and adhesion characterization of electrochemically deposited conjugated polymer films

Qu, Jing; Ouyang, Liangqi; Kuo, Chung‐Hao; Martin, David C.

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.018

Cited by 66 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The decrease in film stiffness in DI water is directly related to the swelling of the polymer. Our results are in agreement with those reported by Okuzaki and Ishihara (1.4 ± 0.6 GPa), Lang et al (1.3 ± 0.6 GPa), and Qu et al (2.6 ± 1.4 GPa) . These results suggest that GOPS is a versatile additive that can be used not only to improve the aqueous stability of films but also to modify their elasticity.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Tailoring the Electrochemical and Mechanical Properties of PEDOT:PSS Films for Bioelectronics

ElMahmoudy

Inal

Charrier

et al. 2017

Macro Materials & Eng

140

152

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The effect of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GOPS) content in poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) dispersions on the properties of films spun cast from these formulations is investigated. It has been found out that the concentration of GOPS has a tremendous, yet gradual impact on the electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of the PEDOT:PSS/GOPS films and that there is an optimum concentration which maximizes a particular feature of the film such as its water uptake or elasticity. The benefits of aqueous stability and mechanical strength with GOPS are to be compensated by an increase in the electrochemical impedance. GOPS aids obtaining excellent mechanical integrity in aqueous media with still highly conducting properties. Moreover, active devices like organic electrochemical transistors that contain 1 wt% GOPS, which is a concentration that leads to film with high electrical conductivity with sufficient mechanical stability and softness, exhibit steady performance over three weeks. These results suggest that variations in the concentration of such an additive like GOPS can enable a facile co-optimization of electrical and mechanical properties of a conducting polymer film for in vivo bioelectronics application.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Tailoring the Electrochemical and Mechanical Properties of PEDOT:PSS Films for Bioelectronics

ElMahmoudy

Inal

Charrier

et al. 2017

Macro Materials & Eng

140

152

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“…The large PEDOT aggregate protrudes from the surrounding PSS matrix. Mapping of elastic modulus reveals that the PEDOT aggregate is softer than the surrounding PSS matrix by ≈3 GPa, which is consistent with previous reports …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The interface between high‐shear modulus and low‐shear modulus regions exhibited the largest viscoelastic change with humidity, which is consistent with mechanisms proposed by others in which adsorption leads to formation water meniscus layers that disrupt hydrogen bonding and facilitate solvation of ambient gas . The results are consistent with elastic moduli of PEDOT and PSS in dry and wet states reported by others, including Lang et al who showed that PEDOT:PSS elastic modulus decreased from 2.8 to 0.9 GPa when RH increased from 23% to 55% …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Machine Learning‐Enabled Correlation and Modeling of Multimodal Response of Thin Film to Environment on Macro and Nanoscale Using “Lab‐on‐a‐Crystal”

Muckley

Collins

Srijanto

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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To close the feedback loop between artificial intellegence‐controlled materials synthesis and characterization, material functionality must be rapidly tested. A platform for high‐throughput multifunctional materials characterization is developed using a quartz crystal microbalance with auxiliary in‐plane electrodes and a custom gas/vapor flow cell, enabling simultaneous scanning probe microscopy and electrical, optical, gravimetric, and viscoelastic characterization on the same film under controlled environment. The lab‐on‐a‐crystal in situ multifunctional output allows direct correlations between the gravimetric/viscoelastic, electrical, and optical responses of polymer film in response to environment. When multiple film properties are used to augment the training set for machine learning regression, prediction of material response to the environment improves by a factor of 13 when <5% of the total dataset is used for model training.

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“…Typical tensile strain at fracture for conducting polymers is less than 10% . The fracture tensile strain of PEDOT film was found to be around 2% . It has been reported that the doping of larger dopant can make the conducting polymer more brittle .…”

Section: Micromechanics For Stretching Of Conducting Elements On Elasmentioning

confidence: 98%

Stretchable Transparent Conductors: from Micro/Macromechanics to Applications

Chen

Fang

et al. 2019

Advanced Materials

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electronics include stretchable solar cells, [2] stretchable organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), [3] stretchable field-effect transistors (FETs), [4] stretchable supercapacitors, [5] stretchable actuators [6] and heaters, [7] etc. The emerging of stretchable electronics has foreseen the revolution of future electronics, ranging from design, shape and functions to installation, applications and even user experience. For example, stretchable optoelectronics, such as solar cells and OLEDs, are conformable, rollable and foldable. They can be installed on irregularly shaped roof or side walls of buildings, vehicles and other public utilities. Similarly, stretchable sensors used as e-skin can not only fit motions at joints of human or robots with tensile strain of large than 100%, [1e] but also sense signals related to strain, temperature, humidity and even blood pressure. [8] Moreover, the integration of different kinds of stretchable electronics may exhibit diversity in functions. [9] For instance, wearable devices of stretchable energy harvesting and storage electronics combining with stretchable sensors and heaters may sense the biomedical signal and keep the patient warm with the power collected from solar/friction energy. More potential applications of stretchable electronics in different fields, not restricted to the above examples, will be seen in the future.Stretchable transparent conductors (STCs) are fundamental components in stretchable electronics. They generally consist of a stretchable transparent polymeric substrate and a layer of conducting elements on or embedded in the substrate. The substrates involve poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) and polyacrylate-based elastomers [10] while the conducting elements include conducting polymers, [11] metal nanowires, [12] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [13] graphene [14] or their hybrids. The substrates generally show transmittance of higher than 90% [15] and can be stretched to a strain of larger than 100%, e.g., PDMS and VHB (a typical acrylic elastomer) could exhibit a fracture tensile strain up to ≈160% [16] and several hundred percentages, [6a,17] respectively. STCs could be considered as the combination of transparent conductors and stretchable conductors; [18] they can simultaneously show stable conductivity and transparency upon deformation, including bending, folding, twisting, crumpling, stretching, etc. The transparency of STCs is attributed to the low attenuation of visible light by the substrate and the conducting layer. The conductivity is obtained due to the continuity of conducting layer either via uniform film or the connection of Stretchable transparent conductors (STCs), generally consisting of conducting networks and stretchable transparent elastomers, can maintain stable conductivity and transparency even at large tensile strain, beyond the reach of rigid/flexible transparent conductors. They are essential components in stretchable/wearable electronics for using on irregular 3D conformable surfaces and have attracted tremendous attention ...

show abstract

Stiffness, strength and adhesion characterization of electrochemically deposited conjugated polymer films

Cited by 66 publications

References 33 publications

Tailoring the Electrochemical and Mechanical Properties of PEDOT:PSS Films for Bioelectronics

Tailoring the Electrochemical and Mechanical Properties of PEDOT:PSS Films for Bioelectronics

Machine Learning‐Enabled Correlation and Modeling of Multimodal Response of Thin Film to Environment on Macro and Nanoscale Using “Lab‐on‐a‐Crystal”

Stretchable Transparent Conductors: from Micro/Macromechanics to Applications

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