Stimulating minds to wander

Broadway, James M.; Zedelius, Claire M.; Mooneyham, Benjamin W.; Mrazek, Michael D.; Schooler, Jonathan W.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1503093112

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similarly, Broadway et al. () are enthusiastic about Axelrod et al. ()'s finding and argue that it “[…] marks a new era for research into mind wandering and previews some of the insights that continued methodological advances will likely make possible”.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The result that mind-wandering propensity can be influenced by tDCS has important implications both for basic neuroscience and in more applied settings. In the scientific literature, the finding has attracted the attention of several leading researchers (Broadway, Zedelius, Mooneyham, Mrazek, & Schooler, 2015;Fox & Christoff, 2015), with 51 independent citations so far. In their commentary on Axelrod et al (2015), Fox and Christoff (2015) argue that changes in meta-awareness induced by the stimulation of DLPFC might be responsible for the observed changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their commentary on Axelrod et al (2015), Fox and Christoff (2015) argue that changes in meta-awareness induced by the stimulation of DLPFC might be responsible for the observed changes. Similarly, Broadway et al (2015) are enthusiastic about Axelrod et al (2015)'s finding and argue that it "[…] marks a new era for research into mind wandering and previews some of the insights that continued methodological advances will likely make possible". We believe that such strong endorsements from leading researchers in the field are likely to result in a surge of research activity building on Axelrod et al (2015)'s result.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Increasing propensity to mind‐wander by transcranial direct current stimulation? A registered report

Boayue

Csifcsák

Aslaksen

et al. 2019

Eur J of Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed to be able to modulate different cognitive functions. However, recent meta‐analyses conclude that its efficacy is still in question. Recently, an increase in subjects’ propensity to mind‐wander has been reported as a consequence of anodal stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Axelrod et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, 2015). In addition, an independent group found a decrease in mind wandering after cathodal stimulation of the same region. These findings seem to indicate that high‐level cognitive processes such as mind wandering can reliably be influenced by non‐invasive brain stimulation. However, these previous studies used low sample sizes and are as such subject to concerns regarding the replicability of their findings. In this registered report, we implement a high‐powered replication of Axelrod et al. (2015) finding that mind‐wandering propensity can be increased by anodal tDCS. We used Bayesian statistics and a preregistered sequential‐sampling design resulting in a total sample size of N = 192 participants collected across three different laboratories. Our findings show support against a stimulation effect on self‐reported mind‐wandering scores. The effect was small, in the opposite direction as predicted and not reliably different from zero. Using a Bayes Factor specifically designed to test for replication success, we found strong evidence against a successful replication of the original study. Finally, even when combining data from both the original and replication studies, we could not find evidence for an effect of anodal stimulation. Our results underline the importance of designing studies with sufficient power to detect evidence for or against behavioural effects of non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques, preferentially using robust Bayesian statistics in preregistered reports.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Increasing propensity to mind‐wander by transcranial direct current stimulation? A registered report

Boayue

Csifcsák

Aslaksen

et al. 2019

Eur J of Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The result that mind-wandering propensity can be influenced by tDCS has important implications both for basic neuroscience and in more applied settings. In the scientific literature, the finding has attracted the attention of several leading researchers (Fox & Christoff, 2015;Broadway et al, 2015), with 51 independent citations so far. In their commentary on Axelrod et al (2015), Fox & Christoff (2015) argue that changes in meta-awareness induced by the stimulation of DLPFC might be responsible for the observed changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their commentary on Axelrod et al (2015), Fox & Christoff (2015) argue that changes in meta-awareness induced by the stimulation of DLPFC might be responsible for the observed changes. Similarly, Broadway et al (2015) are enthusiastic about Axelrod et al (2015)'s finding and argue that it "[. .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing propensity of mind wandering using tDCS? A Registered Report

Boayue¹,

Csifcsák²,

Aslaksen³

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed to be able to modulate different cognitive functions. However, recent meta- analyses conclude that its efficacy is still in question. Recently, an increase in subjects’ propensity to mind-wander has been reported as a consequence of anodal stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Axelrod et al., 2015). In addition, an independent group found a decrease in mind wandering after cathodal stimulation of the same region. These findings seem to indicate that high-level cognitive processes such as mind wandering can reliably be influenced by non-invasive brain stimulation. However, these previous stud- ies used low sample sizes and are as such subject to concerns regarding the replicability of their findings. In this registered report, we implement a high- powered replication of Axelrod et al. (2015)’s finding that mind-wandering propensity can be increased by anodal tDCS. We used Bayesian statistics and a pre-registered sequential-sampling design resulting in a total sample size ofN=192 participants collected across three different labs. Our findings show support against a stimulation effect on self-reported mind-wandering scores. The effect was small, in the opposite direction as predicted and not reliably different from zero. Using a Bayes Factor specifically designed to test for replication success, we found strong evidence against a successful replication of the original study. Finally, even when combining data from both the origi- nal and replication studies, we could not find evidence for an effect of anodal stimulation. Our results underline the importance of designing studies with sufficient power to detect evidence for or against behavioral effects of non- invasive brain stimulation techniques, preferentially using robust Bayesian statistics in pre-registered reports.

show abstract

Mind-Wandering With and Without Intention

Seli

Risko

Smilek

et al. 2016

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

362

287

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The past decade has seen a surge of research examining mind-wandering, but most of this research has not considered the potential importance of distinguishing between intentional and unintentional mind-wandering. However, a recent series of papers has demonstrated that mind-wandering reported in empirical investigations frequently occurs with and without intention, and more critically, that intentional and unintentional mind-wandering are dissociable. This emerging literature suggests that to increase clarity in the literature, there is a need to reconsider the bulk of the mind-wandering literature with an eye toward deconvolving these two different cognitive experiences. In this review, we highlight recent trends in investigations of the intentionality of mind-wandering and outline a novel theoretical framework regarding the mechanisms underlying intentional and unintentional mind-wandering.

show abstract

Stimulating minds to wander

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Increasing propensity to mind‐wander by transcranial direct current stimulation? A registered report

Increasing propensity to mind‐wander by transcranial direct current stimulation? A registered report

Increasing propensity of mind wandering using tDCS? A Registered Report

Mind-Wandering With and Without Intention

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About