Stimulus-free thoughts induce differential activation in the human default network

Preminger, Son; Harmelech, Tal; Malach, Rafael

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.036

Cited by 48 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…One possible explanation was that the FW task was perceived as an intermediate session in-between the other conditions, and as a result it was less goal-directed and only produced a trend towards suppression of resting VLF EEG power. However, the idea that attenuation of VLF oscillations depends just on goal-directedness of a task is inconsistent with the finding in the literature that DMN increases during tasks which involve self-referential processes, such as autobiographical memory and prospective planning because these tasks are also goal-directed (Preminger et al, 2011;Spreng et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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“Can waiting awaken the resting brain?” A comparison of waiting- and cognitive task-induced attenuation of very low frequency neural oscillations

et al. 2013

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The default mode network (DMN) is characterised by coherent very low frequency (VLF) neural oscillations in the resting brain. The attenuation of this activity has been demonstrated following the transition from rest to performance of a broad range of cognitive goal-directed tasks. Whether the activity of resting state VLF oscillations is attenuated during non-cognitive goal-directed tasks such as waiting for rewarding outcomes is not known. This study examined the VLF EEG power from resting to performance of attention demanding task and two types of goal-directed waiting tasks. The association between the attenuation of VLF EEG power and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms was examined.Direct current EEG (DC-EEG) data was collected from 32 healthy young adults (half high and half low ADHD symptom scorers) during (i) a rest state, (ii) while performing a cognitive demanding reaction time task (2CRT), and (iii) while undertaking each of two different goal-directed waiting conditions: "forced-to-wait (FW)" and "choose-to-wait (CW)" tasks. The spatial distribution of VLF EEG power across scalp was similar to that seen in previous resting VLF EEG studies. Significant rest-to-task attenuation of VLF EEG power occurred during the 2CRT and the CW task, but not during the FW task. The association between self-ratings of ADHD symptoms and waiting-induced attenuation was not significant. This study suggests VLF EEG power attenuation that occurs following rest to task transition is not simply determined by changes in cognitive load. The goal-directed nature of a task, its motivated nature and/or the involvement of effortful attention may also contribute.Future studies should explore the attenuation of resting state VLF oscillations during waiting and impulsive choice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…In addition, the VLF oscillations in the DMN have been shown to activate differently in various stimulus-free conditions when the contents of thoughts were manipulated. For instance, the DMN is more active during prospective planning than alphabet-or text-recitation (Preminger, Harmelech, & Malach, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Can waiting awaken the resting brain?” A comparison of waiting- and cognitive task-induced attenuation of very low frequency neural oscillations

et al. 2013

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“…The DMN has, indeed, been previously implicated in mind wandering and intrinsically oriented thoughts (Mason et al, 2007;Preminger et al, 2011). Furthermore, testing various models with different dynamics led to the conclusion that the model that best fit the observed correlation between BOLD and pupil diameter was, indeed, a slow buildup of neuronal activity up to a threshold followed by rapid neuronal activation (Yellin et al, 2015; Figure 4C).…”

Section: Consequences Of the Proposed Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 86%

Spontaneous Fluctuations and Non-linear Ignitions: Two Dynamic Faces of Cortical Recurrent Loops

Moutard

Dehaene

Malach

2015

Neuron

Self Cite

101

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Recent human neurophysiological recordings have uncovered two fundamental modes of cerebral cortex activity with distinct dynamics: an active mode characterized by a rapid and sustained activity ("ignition") and a spontaneous (resting-state) mode, manifesting ultra-slow fluctuations of low amplitude. We propose that both dynamics reflect two faces of the same recurrent loop mechanism: an integration device that accumulates ongoing stochastic activity and, either spontaneously or in a task-driven manner, crosses a dynamic threshold and ignites, leading to content-specific awareness. The hypothesis can explain a rich set of behavioral and neuronal phenomena, such as perceptual threshold, the high non-linearity of visual responses, the subliminal nature of spontaneous activity fluctuations, and the slow activity buildup anticipating spontaneous behavior (e.g., readiness potential). Further elaborations of this unified scheme, such as a cascade of integrators with different ignition thresholds or multi-stable states, can account for additional complexities in the repertoire of human cortical dynamics.

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“…2). Thus, areas showing high DI included the regions of the DMN that are consistently deactivated by extrinsically oriented tasks (Salomon et al, 2009;Preminger et al, 2011) as well as regions of the sensorymotor cortex that were specifically inactive or deactivated by the tasks. Additionally, some regions showing significant DI differed between the two tasks, possibly due to the differences in task activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Functional Connectivity Deficits in Schizophrenia Depend on Behavioral State

Salomon¹,

Bleich-Cohen²,

Hahamy³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

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We measured FC using fMRI in human schizophrenia patients and healthy controls during two different tasks and a rest condition, and constructed a voxelbased global FC index. We found a striking FC decrease in patients compared with controls. In the task conditions, relatively weaker FC was specific to regions of cortex not active during the task. In the rest condition, the FC difference between patients and controls was larger and allowed a case-by-case separation between individuals of the two groups. The results suggest that the relative reduction of FC in schizophrenia is dependent on the state of cortical activity, with voxels not activated by the task showing higher levels of FC deficiency. This novel finding may shed light on previous reports of FC in schizophrenia. Whether this neural characteristic is related to the development of the disorder remains to be established.

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Stimulus-free thoughts induce differential activation in the human default network

Cited by 48 publications

References 51 publications

“Can waiting awaken the resting brain?” A comparison of waiting- and cognitive task-induced attenuation of very low frequency neural oscillations

“Can waiting awaken the resting brain?” A comparison of waiting- and cognitive task-induced attenuation of very low frequency neural oscillations

Spontaneous Fluctuations and Non-linear Ignitions: Two Dynamic Faces of Cortical Recurrent Loops

Global Functional Connectivity Deficits in Schizophrenia Depend on Behavioral State

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