Stimulus valence, episodic memory, and the priming of brain activation profiles in borderline personality disorder

Szczepaniak, Morgan; Chowdury, Asadur; Soloff, Paul H.; Diwadkar, Vaibhav A.

doi:10.1017/s0033291721001136

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 72 publications

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“…Images exceeding 4 mm of movement (<1% of all images) were excised from analyses. This approach to image processing and modeling is consistent with recent publications (55,68,(80)(81)(82)(83)(84).…”

Section: Fmri Processing (Image Preprocessing)supporting

confidence: 89%

Sustained attention induces altered effective connectivity of the ascending thalamo-cortical relay in obsessive-compulsive disorder

et al. 2022

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Abnormal function of the thalamo-cortical relay is considered a hallmark of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and aberrant network interactions may underpin many of the clinical and cognitive symptoms that characterize the disorder. Several statistical approaches have been applied to in vivo fMRI data to support the general loss of thalamo-cortical connectivity in OCD. However, (a) few studies have assessed the contextual constraints under which abnormal network interactions arise or (b) have used methods of effective connectivity to understand abnormal network interactions. Effective connectivity is a particularly valuable method as it describes the putative causal influences that brain regions exert over each other, as opposed to the largely statistical consistencies captured in functional connectivity techniques. Here, using dynamic causal modeling (DCM), we evaluated how attention demand induced inter-group differences (HC ≠ OCD) in effective connectivity within a motivated thalamo-cortical network. Of interest was whether these effects were observed on the ascending thalamo-cortical relay, essential for the sensory innervation of the cortex. fMRI time series data from sixty-two participants (OCD, 30; HC, 32) collected using an established sustained attention task were submitted to a space of 162 competing models. Across the space, models distinguished between competing hypotheses of thalamo-cortical interactions. Bayesian model selection (BMS) identified marginally differing likely generative model architectures in OCD and HC groups. Bayesian model averaging (BMA), was used to weight connectivity parameter estimates across all models, with each parameter weighted by each model’s posterior probability, thus providing more stable estimates of effective connectivity. Inferential statistical analyses of estimated parameters revealed two principal results: (1) Significantly reduced intrinsic connectivity of the V1 → SPC pathway in OCD, suggested connective weakness in the early constituents of the dorsal visual pathway; (2) More pertinent with the discovery possibilities afforded by DCM, sustained attention in OCD patients induced significantly reduced contextual modulation of the ascending relay from the thalamus to the prefrontal cortex. These results form an important complement to our understanding of the contextual bases of thalamo-cortical network deficits in OCD, emphasizing vulnerability of the ascending relay.

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Section: Fmri Processing (Image Preprocessing)supporting

confidence: 89%

Sustained attention induces altered effective connectivity of the ascending thalamo-cortical relay in obsessive-compulsive disorder

et al. 2022

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Pathophysiological aspects of complex PTSD – a neurobiological account in comparison to classic posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder

Stopyra

Simon

Rheude

et al. 2022

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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Despite a great diagnostic overlap, complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) has been recognised by the ICD-11 as a new, discrete entity and recent empirical evidence points towards a distinction from simple posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). The development and maintenance of these disorders is sustained by neurobiological alterations and studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may further contribute to a clear differentiation of CPTSD, PTSD and BPD. However, there are no existing fMRI studies directly comparing CPTSD, PTSD and BPD. In addition to a summarization of diagnostic differences and similarities, the current review aims to provide a qualitative comparison of neuroimaging findings on affective, attentional and memory processing in CPTSD, PTSD and BPD. Our narrative review alludes to an imbalance in limbic-frontal brain networks, which may be partially trans-diagnostically linked to the degree of trauma symptoms and their expression. Thus, CPTSD, PTSD and BPD may underlie a continuum where similar brain regions are involved but the direction of activation may constitute its distinct symptom expression. The neuronal alterations across these disorders may conceivably be better understood along a symptom-based continuum underlying CPTSD, PTSD and BPD. Further research is needed to amend for the heterogeneity in experimental paradigms and sample criteria.

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Identity and Temporal Fragmentation in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review

Faggioli,

Esposito,

Stanghellini

2024

Brain Sciences

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Background: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a prevalent psychopathological condition, affecting 0.7–2.7% of the general population. Given the known link between identity formation and the temporal, metacognitive, and narrative processes that contribute to its coherence, the aim of the present systematic review is to synthesize the current literature about the relationship between identity diffusion and lived time in adult patients with BPD. This would enhance knowledge and treatments, leading to a better understanding of the implications of time processes on identity diffusion in BPD. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, the main databases were consulted, and specific eligibility criteria were applied. The selection leads to the inclusion of 15 articles, investigating through integrated techniques the lived time, memory, self-reported narratives, and metacognition in BPD subjects. Results: A general agreement among researchers was found, confirming greater difficulty for BPD subjects in producing autobiographical stories, logically and temporally integrated, characterized by positive content. Functional and structural alterations were detected to explain narrative incoherence, as well as symptoms such as emotional dysregulation and cognitive biases. Conclusions: The difficulty for BPD subjects in producing a coherent personal narrative has been interpreted as a correlation of anomalies in autobiographical memories and consequently identities, which were equally compromised by the experience of discontinuity in the temporal structure. This would confirm the hypothesis of the temporal fragmentation of the self in BPD. Although some limitations have been encountered, we suggest that the understanding of identity diffusion and lived time in BPD subjects could represent a useful guide for further research.

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Stimulus valence, episodic memory, and the priming of brain activation profiles in borderline personality disorder

Cited by 3 publications

References 72 publications

Sustained attention induces altered effective connectivity of the ascending thalamo-cortical relay in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Sustained attention induces altered effective connectivity of the ascending thalamo-cortical relay in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Pathophysiological aspects of complex PTSD – a neurobiological account in comparison to classic posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder

Identity and Temporal Fragmentation in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review

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