Stochastic Modeling of Flow and Sediment of the Rivers at Delta Head, East Coast of India

Abstract

Major peninsular rivers debouching into the Bay of Bengal through 2729 km long east coast of India, carry enormous inland flow and sediment from their alluvial basins. Present climate changes, storm irregularities and tsunamis have changed the hydrology of the coastal rivers. The hydrologic interventions for human need have reduced the sediment flow of the rivers resulting in sinking the deltas. Twelve important river basins in the east coast of India were identified. Linear and nonlinear regression equations were developed by stochastic approach of their annual flow and yearly sediment influx (1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) for the 12 rivers at their delta head. As results, the annual flow of the rivers from Subarnarekha to Godavari followed rational curves except the Brahmani River and Gaussian models for rivers from the Godavari to south except the river Vaigai. Similarly, the curve fitting models of time series for sediment had shown a change in curve pattern, the river Godavari being the line of demarcation. Gumbel II and Log Pearson type III methods were used to predict the flow and the sediment at various probabilities. Sediment prediction by Gumbel method had shown lower values than Log Pearson Type III methods for planning and design of hydraulic structures. The disparities in geologic formation of the central India and Deccan Plateau can be emphasized based on the statistical interpretations.

The Strategies of Chromite Terrace in Sukinda Valley, India: An Appraisal

“…Outcrop of chromite ore in either powdery or friable form is underlain at a depth of 3 to 10m soft latosol or alluvial overburden, excavated, scrapped, and carried mainly to chrome steel or ferrochrome industries. Tailings on weathering convert Cr (III) to Cr (VI) in the SUZ, which can be reduced using bio-remediation technology in the dead and active mines area that is polluted, and the chrome VI in the air induces cancer of the lungs, [38,39,40].…”

Estimation of Sediments in Rengali Reservoir, Odisha (India) Using Remote Sensing

“…Examples are the Godavari, the Mahanadi, the Bramhani, the Krishna, the Subarnarekha, the Vaigai, and many others. The Bramhani is one of such rivers Brahmani is of 799km in length, basin catchment 39,116km 2 , at delta head (Catchment 33955km 2 ) with annual discharge (1986-2011) was 17.43Bcum and average sediment flow (1993-2012) was 5.23MMT at Jenapur [15]. Rengali Dam in the upper reaches of Brahmani river has stream order five is in (Fig.…”

Appraising the Impact of Naraj Barrage on Sedimentation of Chilika Lagoon; the Soft Computing Model for Prediction

“…The average erosion rate of the south Mahanadi delta was estimated at 8.347 MT/ha/yr and that of the coastal sandy area as 0.393 MT/ha/yr Mishra et al [6]. The average catch of fishes significantly reduced from average 8000 MT to 1500 MT and put the ecology to threat.…”