“…Researches on gatekeeper functions have focused on knowledge acquisition externally and knowledge diffusion internally (Le Gallo & Plunket, 2020;Meissner & Shmatko, 2017;Vermeulen & Pyka, 2017). Researches on gatekeeper networks are distributed among knowledge networks (Yu et al, 2022), business networks (Díez-Vial & Montoro-Sánchez, 2020), regional innovation networks (Françoso & Vonortas, 2023), global R&D networks (Kim & Park, 2010), hyperlinked networks (Barnett et al, 2017), supplier networks (Van Der Ven, 2018), multilayer time series networks (Wan et al, 2020), dynamic business networks (Poblete et al, 2022), collaborative networks (Zacharias et al, 2021), and so on.…”