Storage dynamics and fuel quality of poplar chips

Barontini, M.; Scarfone, A.; Spinelli, Raffaele; Gallucci, Francesco; Santangelo, Enrico; Acampora, A.; Jirjis, Raída; Civitarese, V.; Pari, Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.01.022

Cited by 94 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Ash compositions tend to increase due to the decomposition of biodegradable components of the biomass, resulting in a decrease in combustible proportion of the biomass [109]. Other studies showed a 5-6 % increase in ash content of poplar crown, and stem chips was observed after 6 months of outside storage [24] and a 7 % increase in ash content in 6 m high piles of willow wood chip [26], though others report minor changes that could be described by natural variation [10,80,110]. Such small changes in ash content would make a negligible change to the LHV, however.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysis: Impact Of Dry Matter Losses During Stomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uncomminuted biomass has the benefit of more efficient forwarding, transportation and can benefit from large-scale chipping [114], although the handling costs of uncomminuted wood is generally higher than for wood chips [24]. Even if wood was stored in whole chunks, it would be necessary to store a buffer supply of chips [16].…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysis: Impact Of Dry Matter Losses During Stomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dry Matter Losses and Methane Emissions During Wood Chip Storage: the Impact on Full Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Savings of Short Rotation Coppice Willow for Heat

et al. 2016

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A life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used to examine the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy balance of short rotation coppice (SRC) willow for heat production. The modelled supply chain includes cutting multiplication, site establishment, maintenance, harvesting, storage, transport and combustion. The relative impacts of dry matter losses and methane emissions from chip storage were examined from a LCA perspective, comparing the GHG emissions from the SRC supply chain with those of natural gas for heat generation. The results show that SRC generally provides very high GHG emission savings of over 90 %. The LCA model estimates that a 1, 10 and 20 % loss of dry matter during storage causes a 1, 6 and 11 % increase in GHG emissions per MWh. The GHG emission results are extremely sensitive to emissions of methane from the wood chip stack: If 1 % of the carbon within the stack undergoes anaerobic decomposition to methane, then the GHG emissions per MWh are tripled. There are some uncertainties in the LCA results, regarding the true formation of methane in wood chip stacks, non-CO 2 emissions from combustion, N 2 O emissions from leaf fall and the extent of carbon sequestered under the crop, and these all contribute a large proportion of the life cycle GHG emissions from cultivation of the crop.

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Section: Sensitivity Analysis: Impact Of Dry Matter Losses During Stomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensitivity Analysis: Impact Of Dry Matter Losses During Stomentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Matter Losses and Methane Emissions During Wood Chip Storage: the Impact on Full Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Savings of Short Rotation Coppice Willow for Heat

et al. 2016

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“…According to Nylinder and Thörnqvist (1980), Thörnqvist (1982), and Barontini et al (2014) chopped softwood and hardwood material loses about 20-24% of its mass and 15-19% of its effective heating value after 3-6 months of storage. The share of fines (< 7 mm) does not have much influence on the losses, whereas the type of material (softwood or hardwood) could have a large influence (Lehtikangas 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In large piles the temperature starts to increase directly after piling and within a few days the inner part of the pile reaches a temperature where only thermophilic microorganisms can survive (Lehtikangas 1999; Barontini et al 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of storage on properties of wood chip material

Wästerlund¹,

Nilsson²,

Gref³

2017

J. For. Sci.

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Wästerlund I., Nilsson P., Gref R. (2017): Influence of storage on properties of wood chip material. J. For. Sci.,.The use of bioenergy for district heating is usually seasonal with a high consumption during the cold periods. Therefore some type of the harvested material storage is necessary. Woody materials are usually reduced in size to chips and stored outdoors in piles or under cover. During storage the materials decompose as a result of chemical and biological processes resulting in dry matter loss. The degree and rate of decomposition primarily depend on material moisture content and temperature. In this study four piles of wood chips, each containing 240 t wet weight, were studied for moisture content and temperature development during 5.5 months of storage. Two piles were stacked normally and two compacted at 50 to 60 kPa pressures. Additionally, a ventilating tarp, TopTex, was used to test the effect of covering the material. Nylon net bags with the same chip material were placed at different positions in the piles for moisture content determination. The volume of three piles shrunk between 3 and 6% but the volume of the uncovered compacted pile shrunk almost 6%. The low shrinkage indicated that material losses in this study were small. The temperature development in all piles followed a similar pattern but with maximum temperatures at different positions, top for the uncompacted pile and innermost for the compacted one. The ventilation tarp on the piles had only a minor effect on the temperature development. Moisture content decreased but the results are uncertain due to problems with the scale precision. Net bag analyses showed that the lowest moisture loss occurred in the middle of the uncovered compacted pile but the values only refer to their specific position in the pile.

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“…Quality is in specific cases determined by the method of production and the storage process [3][4]. The quality of wood chips is at present evaluated according to the calorific value and moisture content, which are often influenced, besides the wood species itself, by weather conditions and storage method [5][6][7][8][9]. The increased number of plants using wood chips as a source of energy is connected with raising the question of health and safety hazards associated with the production and storage of wood chips.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biological Risks from Long-Term Storage of Wood Chips

Lieskovský¹,

Gejdoš²,

Messingerová³

et al. 2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Renewable energy sources based on wood are becoming increasingly important and popular. However, their increased consumption is inevitably connected with questioning their quality [1][2]. Quality is in specific cases determined by the method of production and the storage process [3][4]. The quality of wood chips is at present evaluated according to the calorific value and moisture content, which are often influenced, besides the wood species itself, by weather conditions and storage method [5][6][7][8][9]. The increased number of plants using wood chips as a source of energy is connected with raising the question of health and safety hazards associated with the production and storage of wood chips. The factors most hazardous for human health are represented by the hazards associated with the activity of fungi and moulds in Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 26, No. 6 (2017), 2633-2641 AbstractThe aim of our study was to monitor and analyze the main biological hazards connected to the long-term storage of wood chips for energy production. The analysis was carried out in four high-capacity storage yards of the town heating plants in the Banská Bystrica self-governing region in Slovakia. Five samples were taken from each pile of a rectangular shape and volume over 4,000 m 3 ; the sampling was carried out at the beginning of the monitoring period and at the end of the monitoring period (after one year). Thirtyfour species of microscopic fungi were identified (18 at the beginning of the monitoring period and 16 at the end of the monitoring period). Thirty-three of them can potentially cause severe diseases. Fungi of the genus Aspergillus, causing severe diseases, were identified as the most abundant. The research confirmed that if the length of storage time is more than a year, the potential hazards for human health increase due to the increasing number of spore-forming pathogens. Following the monitoring of atmospheric conditions the highest increase of harmful spores was recorded at the average annual temperature of 10ºC and precipitation of over 1,000 mm a year.

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Storage dynamics and fuel quality of poplar chips

Cited by 94 publications

References 9 publications

Dry Matter Losses and Methane Emissions During Wood Chip Storage: the Impact on Full Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Savings of Short Rotation Coppice Willow for Heat

Dry Matter Losses and Methane Emissions During Wood Chip Storage: the Impact on Full Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Savings of Short Rotation Coppice Willow for Heat

Influence of storage on properties of wood chip material

Biological Risks from Long-Term Storage of Wood Chips

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