Stormwater input of pyrethroid insecticides to an urban river

Weston, Donald P.; Lydy, Michael J.

doi:10.1002/etc.1847

Cited by 76 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Bifenthrin is a pyrethroid pesticide that binds the voltage-gated sodium channels in neurons, and it has been shown to be estrogenic in several species of fish (Brander et al 2012;Wang et al 2007). Recent monitoring studies have identified bifenthrin in concentrations ranging from 1 to 106 ng/L in northern California (Weston and Lydy 2012;Weston et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exploring the Impacts of Two Separate Mixtures of Pesticide and Surfactants on Estrogenic Activity in Male Fathead Minnows and Rainbow Trout

Crago

Tran

Budicin

et al. 2014

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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In this study, male fathead minnows (FHM) (Pimephales promelas) and juvenile rainbow trout (RT; Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to two different surfactant mixtures of analytical-grade nonlyphenol, 4-tert octyphenol, octylphenol ethoxylates, nonylphenol ethoxylates, and the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). After a 7-days exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of these compounds, there was no difference in the relative mRNA expression of vitellogenin (VTG) in male juvenile RT exposed to individual compounds or the 2,4-D-surfactant mixture compared with the control. In male FHM, there was a significant increase in VTG mRNA expression in the high individual treatments of 2,4-D and the surfactants but not the 2,4-D-surfactant mixtures compared with the control. These results were compared with another study exposing male FHM to individual and a mixture of alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates in two different combinations with the herbicide diuron and the insecticide bifenthrin. There were no differences in the relative expression of VTG mRNA amongst individual exposures and the control. Interestingly, when the ethoxylate mixture was combined with diuron, there was a significant decrease in the relative mRNA expression of VTG compared with the control. However, when the ethoxylate mixture was combined with both diuron and bifenthrin, there was a significant increase in the relative mRNA expression of VTG in male compared with all other groups in the multichemical mixture. The results of this study highlight differences between species and measurements of VTG in assessing the risk of mixtures to aquatic organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exploring the Impacts of Two Separate Mixtures of Pesticide and Surfactants on Estrogenic Activity in Male Fathead Minnows and Rainbow Trout

Crago

Tran

Budicin

et al. 2014

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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“…The concentrations causing significant effects on all three endpoints in both species are within the range of environmentally relevant concentrations as reported in previous monitoring studies in different states of the USA (Anderson et al 2006;Phillips et al 2012;Smith and Lizotte 2007;Werner et al 2010). For example, studies in Californian creeks by Budd et al (2009) and Weston and Lydy (2012) NOEC no observed effective concentration, LC50 lethal concentration resulting in 50 % mortality of the population, EC50 effect concentration resulting in 50 % reduction in growth, SE standard error, C.I.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

A comparison of the sublethal and lethal toxicity of four pesticides in Hyalella azteca and Chironomus dilutus

Hasenbein

Connon

Lawler

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Laboratory toxicity testing is the primary tool used for surface water environmental risk assessment; however, there are critical information gaps regarding the sublethal effects of pesticides. In 10-day exposures, we assessed the lethal and sublethal (motility and growth) toxicities of four commonly used pesticides, bifenthrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, and chlorpyrifos, on two freshwater invertebrates, Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca. Pyrethroids were more toxic than the organophosphate chlorpyrifos in both species. Bifenthrin was most toxic to H. azteca survival and growth. Cyfluthrin was most toxic to C. dilutus. However, cyfluthrin had the greatest effect on motility on both H. azteca and C. dilutus. The evaluated concentrations of chlorpyrifos did not affect C. dilutus motility or growth, but significantly impacted H. azteca growth. Motility served as the most sensitive endpoint in assessing sublethal effects at low concentrations for both species, while growth was a good indicator of toxicity for all four pesticides for H. azteca. The integration of sublethal endpoints in ambient water monitoring and pesticide regulation efforts could improve identification of low-level pesticide concentrations that may eventually cause negative effects on food webs and community structure in aquatic environments.

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“…Model analyses are an important component of risk assessments (e.g., NOAA’s Biological Opinions [17], [18]), providing a transparent framework linking exposure and biological effects. Targeted pesticide monitoring and concurrent toxicity testing are critical for assessing risk of exposure and the toxicity of water and sediments [2], [15], [48], [63], but we also need to better understand how exposures affect prey densities and salmon feeding behavior in the field. By formally including the indirect effects on salmon via their prey and varying the prey community’s resistance and rate of recovery [26], the model helps determine which parameters influence salmon populations most and identifies empirical information needed to expand our understanding of community dynamics acting in these habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modeled Comparison of Direct and Food Web-Mediated Impacts of Common Pesticides on Pacific Salmon

et al. 2014

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In the western United States, pesticides used in agricultural and urban areas are often detected in streams and rivers that support threatened and endangered Pacific salmon. Although concentrations are rarely high enough to cause direct salmon mortality, they can reach levels sufficient to impair juvenile feeding behavior and limit macroinvertebrate prey abundance. This raises the possibility of direct adverse effects on juvenile salmon health in tandem with indirect effects on salmon growth as a consequence of reduced prey abundance. We modeled the growth of ocean-type Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at the individual and population scales, investigating insecticides that differ in how long they impair salmon feeding behavior and in how toxic they are to salmon compared to macroinvertebrates. The relative importance of these direct vs. indirect effects depends both on how quickly salmon can recover and on the relative toxicity of an insecticide to salmon and their prey. Model simulations indicate that when exposed to a long-acting organophosphate insecticide that is highly toxic to salmon and invertebrates (e.g., chlorpyrifos), the long-lasting effect on salmon feeding behavior drives the reduction in salmon population growth with reductions in prey abundance having little additional impact. When exposed to short-acting carbamate insecticides at concentrations that salmon recover from quickly but are lethal to invertebrates (e.g., carbaryl), the impacts on salmon populations are due primarily to reductions in their prey. For pesticides like carbaryl, prey sensitivity and how quickly the prey community can recover are particularly important in determining the magnitude of impact on their predators. In considering both indirect and direct effects, we develop a better understanding of potential impacts of a chemical stressor on an endangered species and identify data gaps (e.g., prey recovery rates) that contribute uncertainty to these assessments.

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Stormwater input of pyrethroid insecticides to an urban river

Cited by 76 publications

References 28 publications

Exploring the Impacts of Two Separate Mixtures of Pesticide and Surfactants on Estrogenic Activity in Male Fathead Minnows and Rainbow Trout

Exploring the Impacts of Two Separate Mixtures of Pesticide and Surfactants on Estrogenic Activity in Male Fathead Minnows and Rainbow Trout

A comparison of the sublethal and lethal toxicity of four pesticides in Hyalella azteca and Chironomus dilutus

A Modeled Comparison of Direct and Food Web-Mediated Impacts of Common Pesticides on Pacific Salmon

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