Strategies and Techniques for Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging: New and Pending Applications for Routine Clinical Practice

Ringe, Kristina; Yoon, Jeong Hee

doi:10.3348/kjr.2022.0838

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 66 publications

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“…Although liver biopsy has traditionally been regarded as the gold standard for diagnosing hepatic steatosis, its invasive nature and notable inter-reader variability have prompted a substantial clinical demand for non-invasive methods [ 5 ]. Recently, chemical shift-encoded MRI proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) has gained broad acceptance as a non-invasive reference standard for liver fat quantification, providing accurate and reliable measurements [ 6 , 7 ]. However, it has drawbacks, including limited accessibility and high costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated hepatic steatosis assessment on dual-energy CT-derived virtual non-contrast images through fully-automated 3D organ segmentation

Jeon,

Joo,

Park

et al. 2024

Radiol med

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Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of volumetric CT attenuation-based parameters obtained through automated 3D organ segmentation on virtual non-contrast (VNC) images from dual-energy CT (DECT) for assessing hepatic steatosis. Materials and methods This retrospective study included living liver donor candidates having liver DECT and MRI-determined proton density fat fraction (PDFF) assessments. Employing a 3D deep learning algorithm, the liver and spleen were automatically segmented from VNC images (derived from contrast-enhanced DECT scans) and true non-contrast (TNC) images, respectively. Mean volumetric CT attenuation values of each segmented liver (L) and spleen (S) were measured, allowing for liver attenuation index (LAI) calculation, defined as L minus S. Agreements of VNC and TNC parameters for hepatic steatosis, i.e., L and LAI, were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Correlations between VNC parameters and MRI-PDFF values were assessed using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Their performance to identify MRI-PDFF ≥ 5% and ≥ 10% was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Of 252 participants, 56 (22.2%) and 16 (6.3%) had hepatic steatosis with MRI-PDFF ≥ 5% and ≥ 10%, respectively. LVNC and LAIVNC showed excellent agreement with LTNC and LAITNC (ICC = 0.957 and 0.968) and significant correlations with MRI-PDFF values (r = − 0.585 and − 0.588, Ps < 0.001). LVNC and LAIVNC exhibited areas under the ROC curve of 0.795 and 0.806 for MRI-PDFF ≥ 5%; and 0.916 and 0.932, for MRI-PDFF ≥ 10%, respectively. Conclusion Volumetric CT attenuation-based parameters from VNC images generated by DECT, via automated 3D segmentation of the liver and spleen, have potential for opportunistic hepatic steatosis screening, as an alternative to TNC images.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated hepatic steatosis assessment on dual-energy CT-derived virtual non-contrast images through fully-automated 3D organ segmentation

Jeon,

Joo,

Park

et al. 2024

Radiol med

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Quantitative Liver Imaging in Children

Yoon,

Kim,

Lim

et al. 2024

Invest Radiol

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In children and adults, quantitative imaging examinations determine the effectiveness of treatment for liver disease. However, pediatric liver disease differs in presentation from liver disease in adults. Children also needed to be followed for a longer period from onset and have less control of their bodies, showing more movement than adults during imaging examinations, which leads to a greater need for sedation. Thus, it is essential to appropriately tailor and accurately perform noninvasive imaging tests in these younger patients. This article is an overview of updated imaging techniques used to assess liver disease quantitatively in children. The common initial imaging study for diffuse liver disease in pediatric patients is ultrasound. In addition to preexisting echo analysis, newly developed attenuation imaging techniques have been introduced to evaluate fatty liver. Ultrasound elastography is also now actively used to evaluate liver conditions, and the broad age spectrum of the pediatric population requires caution to be taken even in the selection of probes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is another important imaging tool used to evaluate liver disease despite requiring sedation or anesthesia in young children because it allows quantitative analysis with sequences such as fat analysis and MR elastography. In addition to ultrasound and MRI, we review quantitative imaging methods specifically for fatty liver, Wilson disease, biliary atresia, hepatic fibrosis, Fontan-associated liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, and the transplanted liver. Lastly, concerns such as growth and motion that need to be addressed specifically for children are summarized.

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Emerging advanced approaches for diagnosis and inhibition of liver fibrogenesis

Addissouky,

Ali,

Sayed

et al. 2024

Egypt J Intern Med

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Background Liver fibrosis results from chronic liver injury and is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins including collagen. It can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure. Main body of the abstract Multiple cellular signaling pathways drive hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrogenesis. Advances in biomarkers, imaging modalities, and omics platforms enable noninvasive diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis. Emerging antifibrotic approaches include medications like pirfenidone, obeticholic acid, and monoclonal antibodies targeting pro-fibrotic mediators. Cell therapies using mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate antifibrotic potential through paracrine immunosuppression. Tissue-engineered liver grafts and biomaterial carriers for localized drug delivery are promising technologies. Microfluidic liver-on-a-chip platforms with patient-derived cells provide unprecedented models to study human liver fibrosis and test drug candidates. Short conclusion Significant progress has elucidated mechanisms underlying liver fibrogenesis and uncovered novel therapeutic targets. Ongoing challenges include translating preclinical findings, improving antifibrotic efficacy, and enabling personalized precision medicine approaches. Further research into combinatorial therapies, biomarkers, and tissue engineering technologies will advance the treatment of liver fibrosis from all causes.

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Strategies and Techniques for Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging: New and Pending Applications for Routine Clinical Practice

Cited by 5 publications

References 66 publications

Automated hepatic steatosis assessment on dual-energy CT-derived virtual non-contrast images through fully-automated 3D organ segmentation

Automated hepatic steatosis assessment on dual-energy CT-derived virtual non-contrast images through fully-automated 3D organ segmentation

Quantitative Liver Imaging in Children

Emerging advanced approaches for diagnosis and inhibition of liver fibrogenesis

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