Strategies for Promoting Catalytic Performance of Ru‐Based Electrocatalysts towards Oxygen/Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Abstract

Ru‐based materials hold great promise for substituting Pt as potential electrocatalysts toward water electrolysis. Significant progress is made in the fabrication of advanced Ru‐based electrocatalysts, but an in‐depth understanding of the engineering methods and induced effects is still in their early stage. Herein, we organize a review that focusing on the engineering strategies toward the substantial improvement in electrocatalytic OER and HER performance of Ru‐based catalysts, including geometric structure, interface, phase, electronic structure, size, and multicomponent engineering. Subsequently, the induced enhancement in catalytic performance by these engineering strategies are also elucidated. Furthermore, some representative Ru‐based electrocatalysts for the electrocatalytic HER and OER applications are also well presented. Finally, the challenges and prospects are also elaborated for the future synthesis of more effective Ru‐based catalysts and boost their future application.

Recent Advances in Manganese-Based Materials for Electrolytic Water Splitting

“…Two of the most common structures are the 2H and 1T phases that have triangular prismatic and octahedral structural shapes, respectively. The 2H phase can be viewed as an ABA stack, with sulfur molecules in different layers occupying the same position (in-plane position arrangement) and having mirror image symmetry to the metal atomic surface [ 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 ]. The 1T phase is a centrosymmetric structure composed of ABC stacking patterns.…”

Engineering defective trimetallic metal–organic framework nanosheets for advanced water oxidation electrocatalysis

“…For anodic OER, the state-of-the-art electrocatalysts are Ir/Ru oxides, but their rarity and high costs cannot satisfy scaled-up application yet. 13–16 To this end, numerous efforts have been made to explore earth abundant OER catalysts with superior performance through composition optimization and morphological design.…”

Concurrent alloying and vacancy engineering for intensifying hydrogen spillover towards alcohol–water co-electrolysis

“…18–20 According to the volcano theory and Sabatier principle, the Δ G H should be neither too strong nor too weak, and a Δ G H value close to zero will be best for achieving superb catalytic HER activity. 21,22 Bearing this theory in mind, Pt and Pt-based nanomaterials are presented as ideal catalysts for the HER due to their near-ideal Δ G H . 23–25 Considering the high scarcity of Pt, exploiting Pt-free candidates for electrocatalytic HER is now attractive and meaningful.…”