Strategies for the analysis of chlorobenzenes in soils using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry.

Sarrión, M.N; Santos, F.J.; Galcerán, M.T.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00466-x

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…6, the addition of small amounts of water greatly improved the sensitivity to all of the chlorobenzenes. As indicated by other authors, appropriate amounts of water can enhance the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the soil matrix [1,[18][19][20]. When the volume of water exceeds 2 mL in the 1.5 g of soil, a clear drop in response was observed, since the addition of larger amounts of water dilutes the concentrations of the analytes and increases the barrier to the diffusion of chlorobenzenes from the aqueous phase to the gaseous phase.…”

Section: Influence Of Water Additionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Due to their widespread use over several decades, chlorobenzenes have become very common in the environment. They are found in water, soil, sediments, sewage sludges and aquatic biota [1,2]. These compounds have high octanol-water partition coefficients [3], so biological accumulation can be expected in the aquatic ecosystem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the low concentration levels targeted, an initial enrichment step is usually needed. The solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique has demonstrated a variety of inherent advantageous features and superior performance over traditional pretreatment methods for the analysis of chlorobenzenes in air [6,7] and soil matrices [1,2,8]. Although satisfactory results have been obtained using commercial poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coatings [1,2,7,8], different commercial SPME fiber coatings (PDMS, Carboxen-PDMS, PDMSdivinylbenzene (DVB) and polyacrylate (PA) were eval-uated by Barro et al in order to optimize the extraction [6], and the PDMS-DVB fiber was selected for further analysis of chlorobenzenes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A solid-phase microextraction fiber coated with diglycidyloxycalix[4]arene yields very high extraction selectivity and sensitivity during the analysis of chlorobenzenes in soil

Zeng

2006

Anal Bioanal Chem

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A novel fiber coated with sol-gel (5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-diglycidyloxycalix [4]arene/hydroxy-terminated silicone oil; diglycidyloxy-C[4]/OH-TSO) was prepared for use with headspace solidphase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography (GC) and electron capture detection (ECD), which was applied in order to determine nine chlorobenzenes in soil matrices. Due to the improved fiber preparation, which increases the percentage of calixarene in the coating, the new calixarene fiber exhibits very high extraction selectivity and sensitivity to chlorine-substituted compounds. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized in order to maximize the sensitivity during the chlorobenzene analysis. Interferences from different soil matrices with different characteristics were investigated, and the amount extracted was strongly influenced by the matrix. Therefore, a standard addition protocol was performed on the real soil samples. The linear ranges of detection for the chlorobenzenes tested covered three orders of magnitude, and correlation coefficients >0.9976 and relative standard deviations (RSD) <8% were observed. The detection limits were found at sub-ng/g of soil levels, which were about an order of magnitude lower than those given by the commercial poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coating for most of the compounds. The recoveries ranged from 64 to 109.6% for each analyte in the real kaleyard soil matrix when different concentration levels were determined over the linear range, which confirmed the reliability and feasibility of the HS-SPME/ GC-ECD approach using the fiber coated with diglycidyloxy-C[4]/OH-TSO for the ultratrace analysis of chlorobenzenes in complex matrices.

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Section: Influence Of Water Additionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A solid-phase microextraction fiber coated with diglycidyloxycalix[4]arene yields very high extraction selectivity and sensitivity during the analysis of chlorobenzenes in soil

Zeng

2006

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…This approach has already been applied by other authors for SPME extraction in different solid samples such as soils or fruits [33,45]. Extraction of the samples was first performed by mixing 0.5 g of chopped spiked tomato with 2.5 mL of distilled water and 0.5 g of NaCl, and the mixture was submitted to an ultrasonic shaking for 30 min.…”

Section: Spme Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of solid-phase microextraction for the determination of pyrethroid residues in vegetable samples by GC-MS

Beltrán

Peruga

Pitarch

et al. 2003

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method has been developed for the determination of 7 pyrethroid insecticides (bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and tau-fluvalinate) in water, vegetable (tomato), and fruit (strawberry) samples, based on direct immersion mode and subsequent desorption into the injection port of a GC/MS. The SPME procedure showed linear behavior in the range tested (0.5-50 microg L(-1) in water and 0.01-0.1 mg kg(-1) in tomato) with r(2) values ranging between 0.97 and 0.99. For water samples limits of detection ranged between 0.1 and 2 microg L(-1 )with relative standard deviations lower than 20%. Detection limits for tomato samples were between 0.003 and 0.025 mg kg(-1) with relative standard deviations around 25%. Finally, the SPME procedure has been applied to vegetable (tomato) and fruit (strawberry) samples obtained from an experimental plot treated with lambda-cyhalothrin, and in both cases the analyte was detected and quantified using a calibration curve prepared using blank matrix. SPME has been shown to be a simple extraction technique which has a number of advantages such as solvent-free extraction, simplicity, and compatibility with chromatographic analytical systems. Difficulties with the correct quantification in a complex matrix are also discussed.

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“…For solid (Sarrió n et al 1998), liquid (Aguilar et al 1999;Cancho et al 1999;Pavoni et al 2006) and gaseous (Pawliszyn 1997;Peñ alver et al 1999) samples this technique integrates sampling, extraction and preconcentration. It employs fused-silica fibres coated with polymeric stationary phases to extract target analytes on the basis of the partition equilibrium between fibre and sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of chlorinated organic compounds in aqueous matrices

Pavoni

Giacometti

Bragadin

2009

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua

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Thirteen pure volatile, semi-volatile and non-volatile chlorinated organic compounds of molecular weights ranging from trichloroethylene (MW ¼ 131.39 g mole were determined in aqueous matrices by GC-ECD. After 10% salt addition, different extraction tests were performed using fibres whose adsorbing phase was based on microsphere carbon particles characterized by a constant size. Five experimental parameters were optimized: extraction temperature and time, position of the fibre in the GC injector port, desorption temperature and time. The optimized analytical protocol was employed to determine the efficiency of a real activated carbon adsorption plant to remove organic chlorinated pollutants from an industrial wastewater at ng l 21 levels.

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Strategies for the analysis of chlorobenzenes in soils using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry.

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

A solid-phase microextraction fiber coated with diglycidyloxycalix[4]arene yields very high extraction selectivity and sensitivity during the analysis of chlorobenzenes in soil

A solid-phase microextraction fiber coated with diglycidyloxycalix[4]arene yields very high extraction selectivity and sensitivity during the analysis of chlorobenzenes in soil

Application of solid-phase microextraction for the determination of pyrethroid residues in vegetable samples by GC-MS

Determination of chlorinated organic compounds in aqueous matrices

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