Strategy of transboundary return flow use in the Aral Sea basin

Dukhovny, Victor; Stulina, Galina

doi:10.1016/s0011-9164(01)00323-x

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Most of the papers deal with some aspects of the environment associated with agricultural land use, which confirms the critical role of agriculture for environmental degradation in Central Asia, e.g., the drying up of the Aral Sea (Dukhovny and Stulina 2001;Crighton et al 2011). The distribution of publications across nine Land Use Function categories is given in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In the case of soil salinity and land degradation, these factors were mostly addressed under the environmental dimension of sustainable development in relation to abiotic resources and ecosystem maintenance, respectively. These issues were found to be critical for the sustainable development of the Central Asia region because of the worsening situation in the vicinity of the Aral Sea (Dukhovny and Stulina 2001;Crighton et al 2011). Present transboundary disputes over water management in the region are creating an increasingly challenging situation for the governments of these Central Asian nations that poses a threat to national water security and irrigated agriculture in the region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of agricultural land use in Central Asia: a review

Hamidov

Helming

Balla

2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

124

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Agriculture is major sector in the economy of Central Asia. The sustainable use of agricultural land is therefore essential to economic growth, human well-being, social equity, and ecosystem services. However, salinization, erosion, and desertification cause severe land degradation which, in turn, degrade human health and ecosystem services. Here, we review the impact of agricultural land use in the five countries of Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, during 2008-2013 in 362 articles. We use the Land Use Functions framework to analyze the type and relative shares of environmental, economic, and social topics related to agricultural land use. Our major findings are (1) research on land use in Central Asia received high levels of international attention and the trend in the number of publications exceeded the global average. (2) The impacts of land use on abiotic environmental resources were the most explored. (3) Little research is available about how agricultural land use affects biotic resources. (4) Relationships between land degradation, e.g., salinization and dust storms, and human health were the least explored. (5) The literature is dominated by indirect methods of data analysis, such as remote sensing and mathematical modeling, and in situ data collection makes up only a small proportion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of agricultural land use in Central Asia: a review

Hamidov

Helming

Balla

2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

124

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“…Along this upstream reach, water quality in the river is significantly degraded in terms of salinity and organic pollutants due to return waters from irrigated areas (Dukhovny and Stulina 2001), especially during the period of low flow from October through March (Crosa et al 2006). Although the reservoir was not sampled during the study period, the high ammonium observed in river water collected at a short distance downstream of the reservoir outlet during some months may also have resulted from reservoir nutrient cycling and the release of water from the bottom of the reservoir.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of nitrogen sources to four small lakes in the agricultural region of Khorezm, Uzbekistan

et al. 2010

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Pollution of inland waters by agricultural land use is a concern in many areas of the world, and especially in arid regions, where water resources are inherently scarce. This study used physical and chemical water quality and stable nitrogen isotope (d 15 N) measurements from zooplankton to examine nitrogen (N) sources and concentrations in four small lakes of Khorezm, Uzbekistan, an arid, highly agricultural region, which is part of the environmentallyimpacted Aral Sea Basin. During the 2-year study period, ammonium concentrations were the highest dissolved inorganic N species in all lakes, with a maximum of 3.00 mg N l -1 and an average concentration of 0.62 mg N l -1 . Nitrate levels were low, with a maximum concentration of 0.46 mg N l -1 and an average of 0.05 mg N l -1 for all four lakes. The limited zooplankton d 15 N values did not correlate with the high loads of synthetic fertilizer applied to local croplands during summer months. These results suggest that the N cycles in these lakes may be more influenced by regional dynamics than agricultural activity in the immediate surroundings. The AmuDarya River, which provides the main source of irrigation water to the region, was identified as a possible source of the primary N input to the lakes. Abbreviationsd 15 N Stable nitrogen isotope DIN Dissolved inorganic nitrogen DO Dissolved oxygen N Nitrogen

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“…During recent decades, a large increase in water was used for irrigation, particularly for cotton production (Abdullaev et al, 2009;Conrad et al, 2011), which has been a leading factor in the retreat of the Aral Sea and its ecological deterioration (Oren et al, 2010;Yu et al, 2018). Although the misuse of water began in the mid-1920s when the Aral Sea Basin was under control of the Soviet Union (Dukhovny and Stulina, 2001;Jiang et al, 2017), massive water withdrawal of irrigation canals, such as the Karakum Canal (Hannan, 2000;Berking et al, 2017;Brite, 2018), has caused severe water scarcity in the downstream region (Khasankhanova, 2005;Jalilov et al, 2016). In 1991, renovation of the river channel was launched by the state government to minimize the damage to the natural water system (Djanibekov et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of crop evapotranspiration and irrigation water requirement in the lower Amu Darya River Basin, Central Asia

et al. 2021

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High water consumption and inefficient irrigation management in the agriculture sector of the middle and lower reaches of the Amu Darya River Basin (ADRB) have significantly influenced the gradual shrinking of the Aral Sea and its ecosystem. In this study, we investigated the crop water consumption in the growing seasons and the irrigation water requirement for different crop types in the lower ADRB during 2004-2017. We applied the FAO Penman-Monteith method to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ET0) based on daily climatic data collected from four meteorological stations. Crop evapotranspiration (ET c) of specific crop types was calculated by the crop coefficient. Then, we analyzed the net irrigation requirement (NIR) based on the effective precipitation with crop water requirements. The results indicated that the lowest monthly ET0 values in the lower ADRB were found in December (18.2 mm) and January (16.0 mm), and the highest monthly ET0 values were found in June and July, with similar values of 211.6 mm. The annual ETc reached to 887.2, 1002.1, and 492.0 mm for cotton, rice, and wheat, respectively. The average regional NIR ranged from 514.9 to 715.0 mm in the 10 Irrigation System Management Organizations (UISs) in the study area, while the total required irrigation volume for the whole region ranged from 4.2×10 9 to 11.6×10 9 m 3 during 2004-2017. The percentages of NIR in SIW (surface irrigation water) ranged from 46.4% to 65.2% during the study period, with the exceptions of the drought years of 2008 and 2011, in which there was a significantly less runoff in the Amu Darya River. This study provides an overview for local water authorities to achieve optimal regional water allocation in the study area.

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Strategy of transboundary return flow use in the Aral Sea basin

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of agricultural land use in Central Asia: a review

Impact of agricultural land use in Central Asia: a review

Identification of nitrogen sources to four small lakes in the agricultural region of Khorezm, Uzbekistan

Investigation of crop evapotranspiration and irrigation water requirement in the lower Amu Darya River Basin, Central Asia

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