Stratigraphic and structural evolution of the middle Miocene synvolcanic Oregon-Idaho graben

Cummings, Michael L.; Evans, James George; Ferns, Mark L.; Lees, K.R.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<0668:saseot>2.3.co;2

Cited by 29 publications

(99 citation statements)

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“…The cessation of OIG development at around 11 Ma was marked by a switching of regional tectonic stresses and the formation of the northwest-orientated WSRP (Cummings et al 2000). The WSRP is situated 100 km north of the Yellowstone hotspot trail (Pierce and Morgan 1992;Shervais and Hanan 2008) (Fig.…”

Section: Geological Overview Geological History and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lake Bruneau, a lake equivalent to the size of the present day Great Lakes of North America, filled the OIG during the Mid-Late Miocene (Warner 1977). Thick accumulations of sediment (estimates between 500 and 2000 m) were deposited into Lake Bruneau, are now recognised as the Mascall Formation, the Sucker Creek Formation, the Drip Spring Formation, and the Trout Creek Formation (Warner 1977;Altaner and Grim 1990;Cummings et al 2000), and are exposed today mainly in SW Oregon (Kimmel 1982) (Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Geological Overview Geological History and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Associated with the initial rifting of the WSRP, between 11.7 and 11.0 Ma, localised rhyolite lavas, the BOwyhee Front volcanism^(the Jump Creek Rhyolite lava, the Reynolds Creek Rhyolite lava, the Cerro el Otoño Dome Field and the Wilson Creek Ignimbrite) were extruded from venting zones at the margins of the WSRP (Pierce and Morgan 1992;Perkins and Nash 2002;Bonnichsen et al 2004Bonnichsen et al , 2008Bonnichsen Walker and MacLeod (1991), Pierce and Morgan (1992), Cummings et al (2000) and Lewis et al (2012). Owyhee Mountains highlighted by box.…”

Section: Geological Overview Geological History and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Jump Creek Rhyolite is the most extensive of the Owyhee Front rhyolite lavas, covering an area of up to 100 km 2 and is locally up to 300 m thick (Kittleman et al 1965;Cummings et al 2000;Bonnichsen et al 2004). Isotopic dating (K/Ar) indicates an age of 11.1 ± 0.2 Ma (Rockville Segment, see below) (Armstrong et al 1980), which suggests an association with the beginning of the WSRP rifting event (Bonnichsen and Godchaux 2006).…”

Section: Geological Overview Geological History and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1a, b). The OIG is a Miocene-age, N-Strending, extensional graben situated in southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon at the most northerly extent of the Basin and Range Province (Pierce and Morgan 1992;Manley 1995;Cummings et al 2000;Wood and Clemens 2002) (Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Geological Overview Geological History and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extensive soft-sediment deformation and peperite formation at the base of a rhyolite lava: Owyhee Mountains, SW Idaho, USA

2016

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In the Northern Owyhee Mountains (SW Idaho), a >200-m-thick flow of the Miocene Jump Creek Rhyolite was erupted on to a sequence of tuffs, lapilli tuffs, breccias and lacustrine siltstones of the Sucker Creek Formation. The rhyolite lava flowed over steep palaeotopography, resulting in the forceful emplacement of lava into poorly consolidated sediments. The lava invaded this sequence, liquefying and mobilising the sediment, propagating sediment subvertically in large metre-scale fluidal diapirs and sediment injectites. The heat and the overlying pressure of the thick Jump Creek Rhyolite extensively liquefied and mobilised the sediment resulting in the homogenization of the Sucker Creek Formation units, and the formation of metre-scale loading structures (simple and pendulous load casts, detached pseudonodules). Density contrasts between the semi-molten rhyolite and liquefied sediment produced highly fluidal Rayleigh-Taylor structures. Local fluidisation formed peperite at the margins of the lava and elutriation structures in the disrupted sediment. The result is a 30-40-m zone beneath the rhyolite lava of extremely deformed stratigraphy. Brittle failure and folding is recorded in more consolidated sediments, indicating a differential response to loading due to the consolidation state of the sediments. The lava-sediment interaction is interpreted as being a function of (1) the poorly consolidated nature of the sediments, (2) the thickness and heat retention of the rhyolite lava, (3) the density contrast between the lava and the sediment and (4) the forceful emplacement of the lava. This study demonstrates how large lava bodies have the potential to extensively disrupt sediments and form significant lateral and vertical discontinuities that complicate volcanic facies architecture.

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Section: Geological Overview Geological History and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Overview Geological History and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Overview Geological History and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Overview Geological History and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Overview Geological History and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extensive soft-sediment deformation and peperite formation at the base of a rhyolite lava: Owyhee Mountains, SW Idaho, USA

2016

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A controlled‐source seismic and gravity study of the High Lava Plains (HLP) of Eastern Oregon

Cox

Keller

Harder

2013

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] This study employs data collected during the High Lava Plains (HLP) controlled-source seismic experiment conducted in September 2008. In this experiment, 2612 short-period seismic recorders and 120 3-component recorders were deployed across eastern Oregon and adjacent parts of Nevada and Idaho to record 15 seismic sources. Seismic and gravity data were integrated to create 2-D crustal scale P-wave velocity and density models for the 400 km long NW-SE and N-S profiles to provide a better understanding of the crustal and upper mantle structure and ultimately the magmatic and tectonic evolution of the region. These models are the first high-resolution images beneath the path of migratory, bi-modal volcanism that dotted the High Lava Plains beginning at 16 Ma. Our models show that the crustal structure across the HLP region is similar to that of the northern Basin and Range which has experienced extension since 35 Ma but with moderate magmatic modification of the crust. A thick layer (5-7 km) of sediments and volcanics extends over most of the area and is thickest in the Harney Basin area. We interpret denser/faster material in the lower to middle crust under the southern Harney Basin area to be mafic intraplating. We have also identified a region of denser/faster material in the upper crust in the vicinity of Oregon-Idaho border. The crust thickens from 34 to 37 km, and the lower crust increases in density (2.8-2.85 g/cm 3 ), from west to east across eastern Oregon in close proximity to the interpreted position of the 0.706 Sr isotope line, suggesting a decrease in extension. In the lowermost crust below the southeastern HLP, there is relatively high velocity (7.2-7.4 km/s) and density (2.95 g/ cm 3 ) that suggests the presence of underplating. The HLP region has undergone moderate extension, and the average crustal velocity is somewhat higher than in the adjacent Basin and Range, suggesting some magmatic modification in the lower crust, but not as much as might be expected given the voluminous surface volcanism.

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Sources of sandstone artifacts and pottery from Lost Dune, a late prehistoric site in Harney County, southeastern Oregon, U.S.A.

Lyons

Cummings

2002

Geoarchaeology

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Granitic constituents suggest distant plutonic sources for sherds representing four of six low‐fired brown ware pots and for eight of ten sandstone artifacts from Lost Dune (35HA792), a Late Prehistoric bison processing camp in Harney Basin of southeastern Oregon, a Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary region. Eight sandstone artifacts match granite‐derived sandstone near Oregon's Owyhee River, and three former pots match altered granite and rhyolite in Idaho's Owyhee Mountains. A fourth corresponds to mixed hydrovolcanic basalts near the sandstone abrader source. The sources delineate a 30 × 70 km area > 100 km from Lost Dune. Two other pots and two milling stones match deposits near this area and elsewhere. The determined sources suggest people who used Shoshoni pots and knives at Lost Dune resided in southeastern Oregon. Pots with temper from elevations above 1500 m or recovered as sherds above 1500 m might be made in summer root‐digging camps. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Stratigraphic and structural evolution of the middle Miocene synvolcanic Oregon-Idaho graben

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Extensive soft-sediment deformation and peperite formation at the base of a rhyolite lava: Owyhee Mountains, SW Idaho, USA

Extensive soft-sediment deformation and peperite formation at the base of a rhyolite lava: Owyhee Mountains, SW Idaho, USA

A controlled‐source seismic and gravity study of the High Lava Plains (HLP) of Eastern Oregon

Sources of sandstone artifacts and pottery from Lost Dune, a late prehistoric site in Harney County, southeastern Oregon, U.S.A.

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