Stratigraphic relations of the Livingston Formation of Montana

Stone, Ralph; Calvert, William R.

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.5.6.551

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Campbell briefly visited the area again to check certain critical locaHties, the results of their observations being principally given by Stone and Calvert (1910). Stanton (1914) and Knowlton (1914) later returned to their argument regarding the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, but with only incidental reference to this area.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mammals are rare throughout the field as a whole, are generally excessively rare in the Lower Paleocene, in this field almost never occur in sandstone, which is all that is well exposed here, and even if present would be small forms easily overlooked. Knowlton (in Stone and Calvert, 1910, p. Stanton, Osborn, Gidley, and others. In accordance with the general rides of stratigraphic nomenclature, local geographic names are here applied, but throughout this discussion I shall also employ Silberling's (1910, p. Woolsey, Richards, and Lupton, 1917;also Ellis and Meinzer, 1924 The Fort Union encircles the Crazy Mountains, which are formed principally by intrusive masses thrust into it, and has been followed in some detail by Stone and Calvert (1910) (1902) already recognized equivalence to the Torrejon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Fort Union of the Crazy Mountain Field, Montana, and its mammalian faunas

Simpson¹

1937

Bulletin of the United States National Museum

160

129

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fort Union of the Crazy Mountain Field, Montana, and its mammalian faunas

Simpson¹

1937

Bulletin of the United States National Museum

160

129

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“…Lance Formation was named by Stone and Calvert (1910). Brown (1907) named the "Hell Creek beds" and Thom and Dobbin (1924) Related Tertiary studies conducted in the Lance Creek area for the purpose of classifying public lands and evaluating possible economic coal fields include Shaw (1909), Winchester (1912), Dobbin and others (1957), Sharp and Gibbons (1964), Denson (1974), and Denson and others (1978).…”

Section: Regional Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crazy Mountains 201 km (125 mi) west of the Tullock type area (Stone and Calvert, 1910 (Law, 1975;Lewis and Hotchkiss, 1981). In outcrop, the Lebo is represented by rolling grassland interrupted by small areas of badlands.…”

Section: Lebo Member Was First Described From Its Occurrence In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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Sedimentology and depositional history of the lower Paleocene Tullock Member of the Fort Union Formation, Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana

Brown¹

1993

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The Powder River Basin occupies a 22,000-mi 2 (35,000-km 2 ) area of northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana. Rocks of the Tullock Member (lower Paleocene) of the Fort Union Formation represent alluvial sedimentation in a Laramide intracratonic basin. The Cretaceous-Tertiary time line at or near the base of the Tullock provides temporal control for the timing and distribution of these basin infilling events. Tullock sediments have a maximum thickness of about 113 m (371 ft) in the north and 439 m (1,440 ft) in the south. The infilling Tullock clastic sediments merged eastward with distant delta-plain systems containing aggrading distributary channels that flowed into the Cannonball epicontinental sea.The Tullock Member was deposited in a continental fluvial environment. Channel deposits (comprising about onethird of the sequence) contain mainly trough and tabular planar crossbedded and climbing-ripple laminated sandstone; reactivation surfaces, liquefaction fronts, and structures resulting from soft-sediment deformation are also common, suggesting episodic rapid deposition, saturation of sediments, and a high watertable. Fine-grained overbank deposits (making up about two-thirds of the sequence) show color mottling, contain plant, wood, and coal fragments, have obscure bedding or no apparent internal structure, and contain thin coal beds.Tullock sandstone geometry and sedimentary structures suggest bankfull depths equal to paleochannel thickness, low fluvial gradient, low sinuosity, highly stable vegetated banks, and lenticular channel form. Channel systems carried predominantly suspended loads on mature low-gradient flood plains. Mud-dominated sediment moved through Tullock fluvial channels principally by downstream aggradation by bar construction, and build-up of the floodplain over low levees by overbank flooding, depositing mainly suspended material.Sedimentary structures and geometry of Tullock sediments suggest deposition in anastomosed river systems.

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Long‐eccentricity regulated climate control on fluvial incision and aggradation in the Palaeocene of north‐eastern Montana (USA)

et al. 2020

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Aggradation and fluvial incision controlled by downstream base‐level changes at timescales of 10 to 500 kyr is incorporated in classic sequence stratigraphic models. However, upstream climate control on sediment supply and discharge variability causes fluvial incision and aggradation as well. Orbital forcing often regulates climate change at 10 to 500 kyr timescales while tectonic processes such as flexural (un)loading exert a dominant control at timescales longer than 500 kyr. It remains challenging to attribute fluvial incision and aggradation to upstream or downstream processes or disentangle allogenic from autogenic forcing, because time control is mostly limited in fluvial successions. The Palaeocene outcrops of the fluvial Lebo Shale Member in north‐eastern Montana (Williston Basin, USA) constitute an exception. This study uses a distinctive tephra layer and two geomagnetic polarity reversals to create a 15 km long chronostratigraphic framework based on the correlation of twelve sections. Three aggradation–incision sequences are identified with durations of approximately 400 kyr, suggesting a relation with long‐eccentricity. This age control further reveals that incision occurred during the approach of – or during – a 405 kyr long‐eccentricity minimum. A long‐term relaxation of the hydrological cycle related to such an orbital phasing potentially exerts an upstream climate control on river incision. Upstream, an expanding vegetation cover is expected because of an increasingly constant moisture supply to source areas. Entrapping by vegetation led to a significantly reduced sediment supply relative to discharge, especially at times of low evapotranspiration. Hence, high discharges resulted in incision. This study assesses the long‐eccentricity regulated climate control on fluvial aggradation and incision in a new aggradation–incision sequence model.

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Stratigraphic relations of the Livingston Formation of Montana

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

The Fort Union of the Crazy Mountain Field, Montana, and its mammalian faunas

The Fort Union of the Crazy Mountain Field, Montana, and its mammalian faunas

Sedimentology and depositional history of the lower Paleocene Tullock Member of the Fort Union Formation, Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana

Long‐eccentricity regulated climate control on fluvial incision and aggradation in the Palaeocene of north‐eastern Montana (USA)

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