Stream Macroinvertebrates and Habitat Below and Above Two Wilderness Fords Used by Mules, Horses, and Hikers in Yosemite National Park

Holmquist, Jeff G.; Schmidt-Gengenbach, Jutta; Roche, James W.

doi:10.3398/064.075.0308

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Our results contradict the results of experimental simulations and field studies that have documented declines in taxa richness, abundance and the abundances of selected populations and guilds within streams in the United States, Brazil and Australia [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Studies that did not document trampling impacts were conducted in the United States and those documenting trampling impacts were conducted in the United States [15][16][17][18] and internationally [13,14]. Studies in both categories were conducted in a range of stream sizes from small streams (i.e., first or second order) (our study, [17,18]) to larger wadeable streams [13][14][15][16]19,20].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Our results are consistent with others [19,20] who found that trampling as a result of outdoor recreational use did not impact aquatic macroinvertebrates in streams in Utah and Missouri. Our results contradict the results of experimental simulations and field studies that have documented declines in taxa richness, abundance and the abundances of selected populations and guilds within streams in the United States, Brazil and Australia [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Studies that did not document trampling impacts were conducted in the United States and those documenting trampling impacts were conducted in the United States [15][16][17][18] and internationally [13,14].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…Studies that did not document trampling impacts were conducted in the United States and those documenting trampling impacts were conducted in the United States [15][16][17][18] and internationally [13,14]. Studies in both categories were conducted in a range of stream sizes from small streams (i.e., first or second order) (our study, [17,18]) to larger wadeable streams [13][14][15][16]19,20]. Studies in both categories spanned a range of methods including those consisting of simulated experimental trampling (our study, [13,14]) and field studies that sampled sites with different levels of trampling or sampled above and below stream crossings [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in both categories were conducted in a range of stream sizes from small streams (i.e., first or second order) (our study, [17,18]) to larger wadeable streams [13][14][15][16]19,20]. Studies in both categories spanned a range of methods including those consisting of simulated experimental trampling (our study, [13,14]) and field studies that sampled sites with different levels of trampling or sampled above and below stream crossings [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Additionally, studies in both categories evaluated the impacts of human trampling (ours, [13][14][15][16]19]) and impacts of human and animal trampling [17,18,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instream hiking and other outdoor recreational activities led to reductions of macroinvertebrate abundance, diversity and Trichoptera population densities within streams in Oregon and Nebraska [15,16]. Localized trampling at stream crossings by hikers, horseback riders and other recreationists reduced macroinvertebrate-based biotic indices, decreased the abundance of sensitive taxa and increased the proportion of tolerant taxa below stream crossings compared to upstream locations in California and Virginia streams [17,18]. However, others [19,20] observed that instream hiking and localized instream wading did not negatively impact stream macroinvertebrate communities in Utah and Missouri.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Student-Induced Trampling on Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in Agricultural Headwater Streams

Bossley

Smiley

2018

Water

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Outdoor education (OE) stream classes provide students with an opportunity to gain hands-on experience with sampling methods for evaluating stream water quality. Trampling by students as a result of stream classes may disrupt the substrate and negatively impact aquatic macroinvertebrates. The impact of student-induced trampling in headwaters as a result of stream classes on aquatic macroinvertebrates has not been evaluated. Our aim was to document the short-term macroinvertebrate responses to an experimental disturbance that simulated the impacts of trampling by students in riffles within small headwater streams. We measured hydrologic variables, visually estimated substrate composition and sampled aquatic macroinvertebrates within control and experimental riffles in three agricultural headwater streams in central Ohio one day prior to experimental disturbance, immediately after disturbance and one day after disturbance. Hydrologic variables and substrate type did not differ daily or between riffle types. Macroinvertebrate abundance, percentage of Ephemeroptera Plecoptera Trichoptera and percentage of Leuctridae increased after experimental disturbance, while diversity, evenness, percentage of clingers and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) axis 1 site scores declined after disturbance. Macroinvertebrate diversity, percent clingers and NMS axis 1 site scores were lower in experimental riffles than control riffles. None of the macroinvertebrate response variables exhibited a significant interaction effect of day × riffle type that is indicative of an effect of the experimental disturbance. Our results suggest the one-time use of an undisturbed riffle within an agricultural headwater stream for an OE stream class is not likely to impact aquatic macroinvertebrates.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Student-Induced Trampling on Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in Agricultural Headwater Streams

Bossley

Smiley

2018

Water

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Ecosystem‐based environmental flow assessment in a Greek regulated river with the use of 2D hydrodynamic habitat modelling

Theodoropoulos

Skoulikidis

Rutschmann

et al. 2018

River Research & Apps

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Despite the long-term research on the use of hydraulic-hydrodynamic habitat models (HHMs) for predicting the response of aquatic biota to habitat alteration, their practical application in model-based environmental flow assessments (EFAs) has been limited due to reasons mainly associated with cost-effectiveness, time-efficiency, required expertise, and availability of hydroecological information. In this study, we demonstrate a cost-effective and time-efficient application of a benthic-invertebrate, two-dimensional, fuzzy rule-based EFA in a 277-m long reach in the downstream route of a regulated river in western Greece. Apart from developing ecosystem-based environmental flow (eflow) scenarios, we highlight the valuable features of HHMs, comment on their disadvantages, and propose working solutions to overcome them.The results of the study show that the hydrology-based eflow of 0.2 m 3 /s, initially proposed by the managing authorities, is not sufficient to ensure the long-term functionality of the downstream benthic communities, as the ecosystem-based eflow ranged between 0.6 and 2 m 3 /s. As social resilience relies heavily on ecological resilience, ecosystem-based approaches can ensure the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems. This study demonstrates, inter alia, that HHMs-based EFAs can be implemented cost-effectively and time-efficiently to serve as an accurate scientific basis for water managers and stakeholders, in search of the fine balance between anthropogenic water demand and long-term ecosystem integrity and functionality.

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Effects of Backpacker Use, Pack Stock Trail Use, and Pack Stock Grazing on Water-Quality Indicators, Including Nutrients, E. coli, Hormones, and Pharmaceuticals, in Yosemite National Park, USA

Forrester

Clow

Roche

et al. 2017

Environmental Management

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We investigated how visitor-use affects water quality in wilderness in Yosemite National Park. During the summers of 2012-2014, we collected and analyzed surface-water samples for water-quality indicators, including fecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon), suspended sediment concentration, pharmaceuticals, and hormones. Samples were collected upstream and downstream from different types of visitor use at weekly to biweekly intervals and during summer storms. We conducted a park-wide synoptic sampling campaign during summer 2014, and sampled upstream and downstream from meadows to evaluate the mitigating effect of meadows on water quality. At pack stock stream crossings, Escherichia coli concentrations were greater downstream from crossings than upstream (median downstream increase in Escherichia coli of three colony forming units 100 mL), with the greatest increases occurring during storms (median downstream increase in Escherichia coli of 32 CFU 100 mL). At backpacker use sites, hormones, and pharmaceuticals (e.g., insect repellent) were detected at downstream sites, and Escherichia coli concentrations were greater at downstream sites (median downstream increase in Escherichia coli of 1 CFU 100 mL). Differences in water quality downstream vs. upstream from meadows grazed by pack stock were not detectable for most water-quality indicators, however, Escherichia coli concentrations decreased downstream, suggesting entrapment and die-off of fecal indicator bacteria in meadows. Our results indicate that under current-use levels pack stock trail use and backpacker use are associated with detectable, but relatively minor, effects on water quality, which are most pronounced during storms.

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Stream Macroinvertebrates and Habitat Below and Above Two Wilderness Fords Used by Mules, Horses, and Hikers in Yosemite National Park

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of Student-Induced Trampling on Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in Agricultural Headwater Streams

Effects of Student-Induced Trampling on Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in Agricultural Headwater Streams

Ecosystem‐based environmental flow assessment in a Greek regulated river with the use of 2D hydrodynamic habitat modelling

Effects of Backpacker Use, Pack Stock Trail Use, and Pack Stock Grazing on Water-Quality Indicators, Including Nutrients, E. coli, Hormones, and Pharmaceuticals, in Yosemite National Park, USA

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