Stream salamander persistence influenced by the interaction between exurban housing age and development

Macklem, Diana C; Helton, Ashley M.; Tingley, Morgan W.; Dickson, Jenny; Rittenhouse, Tracy A. G.

doi:10.1007/s11252-019-00883-5

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…These variables may have a direct impact on stream salamander populations which persist within suburban waterways and disperse overland. Other studies report reduced occupancy and abundance with increased housing density for E. bislineata in exurban areas (periphery of suburbs leading to more rural habitat) in Connecticut (Macklem, Helton, Tingley, Dickson, & Rittenhouse, 2019) (Saarikivi, Knopp, Granroth, & Merilä, 2013) and reptiles (Winchell & Gibbs, 2016). In our study, residential lawns and patches of forest may be able to provide ample habitat to maintain genetic connectivity across a suburban area with moderate levels of human disturbance.…”

Section: Urbanization Reduces Genetic Connectivity Between Streams Fo...mentioning

confidence: 45%

“…These variables may have a direct impact on stream salamander populations which persist within suburban waterways and disperse overland. Other studies report reduced occupancy and abundance with increased housing density for E. bislineata in exurban areas (periphery of suburbs leading to more rural habitat) in Connecticut (Macklem, Helton, Tingley, Dickson, & Rittenhouse, 2019). Our study showed rather high levels of genetic connectivity between suburban streams, suggesting remnant seminatural landscape features may support connectivity across this suburban habitat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Urbanization reduces gene flow but not genetic diversity of stream salamander populations in the New York City metropolitan area

Fusco

Pehek

Munshi‐South

2020

Evolutionary Applications

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Natural landscape heterogeneity and barriers resulting from urbanization can reduce genetic connectivity between populations. The evolutionary, demographic, and ecological effects of reduced connectivity may lead to population isolation and ultimately extinction. Alteration to the terrestrial and aquatic environment caused by urban influence can affect gene flow, specifically for stream salamanders who depend on both landscapes for survival and reproduction. To examine how urbanization affects a relatively common stream salamander species, we compared genetic connectivity of Eurycea bislineata (northern two‐lined salamander) populations within and between streams in an urban, suburban, and rural habitat around the New York City (NYC) metropolitan area. We report reduced genetic connectivity between streams within the urban landscape found to correspond with potential barriers to gene flow, that is, areas with more dense urbanization (roadways, industrial buildings, and residential housing). The suburban populations also exhibited areas of reduced connectivity correlated with areas of greater human land use and greater connectivity within a preserve protected from development. Connectivity was relatively high among neighboring rural streams, but a major roadway corresponded with genetic breaks even though the habitat contained more connected green space overall. Despite greater human disturbance across the landscape, urban and suburban salamander populations maintained comparable levels of genetic diversity to their rural counterparts. Yet small effective population size in the urban habitats yielded a high probability of loss of heterozygosity due to genetic drift in the future. In conclusion, urbanization impacted connectivity among stream salamander populations where its continual influence may eventually hinder population persistence for this native species in urban habitats.

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Section: Urbanization Reduces Genetic Connectivity Between Streams Fo...mentioning

confidence: 45%

“…These variables may have a direct impact on stream salamander populations which persist within suburban waterways and disperse overland. Other studies report reduced occupancy and abundance with increased housing density for E. bislineata in exurban areas (periphery of suburbs leading to more rural habitat) in Connecticut (Macklem, Helton, Tingley, Dickson, & Rittenhouse, 2019). Our study showed rather high levels of genetic connectivity between suburban streams, suggesting remnant seminatural landscape features may support connectivity across this suburban habitat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Urbanization reduces gene flow but not genetic diversity of stream salamander populations in the New York City metropolitan area

Fusco

Pehek

Munshi‐South

2020

Evolutionary Applications

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“…We used a N-mixture model to estimate the mean number of larvae each year, and to assess potential relationships between abundance in the 16 stream segments and the physical characteristics of the stream. Models were constructed according to the formulation of Royle (2004), Royle et al (2005) and Wenger and Freeman (2008), as implemented by Macklem et al (2020) to estimate salamander abundance in urban streams. True but imperfectly observed abundance (N i,t ) was modelled as a Poisson distribution of λ i,t, which was calculated as a log-linear function of the following covariates: (1) stream segment area; (2) distance downstream of a stream segment; (3) mean slope of a stream segment (a proxy for stream velocity); and (4) the principal component scores from a principal component analysis (PCA) of stream substrate composition.…”

Section: Data Processing and Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observed abundance y i,t was modelled as a Poisson random variable. Because the 16 stream segments were repeatedly surveyed over four years, we accounted for potential temporal dependence in abundance by including an auto-logistic term (φ; Royle & Dorazio 2008), which specified the correlation between z i,j,t and z i,j,t+1 (see Macklem et al 2020).…”

Section: Data Processing and Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval development and habitat usage of stream-breeding Fire salamanders in an urban environment

Kiss

Vörös

Hamer

2022

Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung.

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Urbanisation adversely affects the abiotic and biotic characteristics of watercourses, including freshwater streams that support the development of stream-breeding salamanders. We conducted a study over four years on an isolated fire salamander population inhabiting a stream valley northwest of Budapest, Hungary. Our aim was to understand aspects of larval development and habitat usage within this population. The maximum number of larvae was observed in April and the first weeks of May. Due to drifting caused by heavy rainfall, there was a mean decrease of 63.3% in the number of larvae. The abundance of larval salamanders within 16 stream segments showed strong temporal and spatial variation, and there was a strong relationship between larval abundance and the % cover of fine gravel substrate. Some of the larvae could escape drift by entering pools with slower water flow and shelter. Larvae were predominantly solitary in smaller pools but occasionally aggregated in high numbers in some segments. The first larvae with yellow spots (indicative of metamorphosis) appeared in June, and by early September, all larvae were metamorphosing. Our results show that in this urbanised environment, larval development through to metamorphosis is occurring, but increasing urbanisation and alterations to stream flow threaten the persistence of the local population.

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Leaf litter and rock bag surveys allow for detection and DNA barcoding characterization of diet composition of dusky salamanders

Hart

Carpenter

Unger

2021

BIOS

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Stream salamander persistence influenced by the interaction between exurban housing age and development

Cited by 4 publications

References 74 publications

Urbanization reduces gene flow but not genetic diversity of stream salamander populations in the New York City metropolitan area

Urbanization reduces gene flow but not genetic diversity of stream salamander populations in the New York City metropolitan area

Larval development and habitat usage of stream-breeding Fire salamanders in an urban environment

Leaf litter and rock bag surveys allow for detection and DNA barcoding characterization of diet composition of dusky salamanders

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