Streamlined pretreatment and GC–FPD analysis of multi-pesticide residues in perennial Morinda roots: A tropical or subtropical plant

A multiresidue method for simultaneous determination of 44 organophosphorous pesticides in Pogostemon cablin and related products using modified QuEChERS sample preparation procedure and GC–FPD

“…Although it has certain adsorption effect to acid compound, which was avoided by adding 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile extraction solvent. GCB appeared to give excellent cleanup of matrix co-extracts and pigments, but using plenty of GCB can also result in loss of target compounds [16,31]. Therefore, it is necessary to study the quantity of sorbent to gain higher recoveries and lower matrix levels transferred in the final extracts.…”

“…For the extraction procedure, QuEChERS method was selected in order to achieve quick and effective extraction [23]. At first, this method was used for the extraction of pesticides in food and vegetables [28], then it was used in Chinese traditional herbs [16]. But to the best of our knowledge, it has not been tested for P. cablin and its related products.…”

“…Therefore, sample pretreatment steps, particularly the extraction and concentration steps, become very pivotal and the quality of these steps largely determines the success of an analysis [22]. QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method not only has shown its usefulness in the analysis of residues in complex samples, but also presents some advantages such as its simplicity, minimum steps and effectiveness for cleaning up [16,23]. Also, the method is environmentally friendly because of the less consumption of organic solvents, being in agreement with the new trends of green analytical chemistry [24,25].…”

“…To date, the methods used to determine OPP residues are mainly based on gas chromatography (GC) [11,16], liquid chromatography (LC) [17,18] and sensor [19,20]. Among them, GC-FPD [15,21] is the most frequently used technique because of its high sensitivity, selectivity and relatively low cost.…”

Determination of trichlorfon residues in vegetables using a quantum dot-labeled biomimetic immunoassay method followed by capillary electrophoresis

“…There have been some reports regarding the detection methods for organophosphorus pesticide residues, such as gas chromatography (GC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (Chen, Chen, Feng, & Li, 2009;Pang et al, 2006), GC with flame photometric detection (Dugo, Bella, Torre, & Saitta, 2005;Liu et al, 2014), GC with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (Shen, Su, Zhu, & Gao, 2007;Tian, Liu, Fang, An, & Duan, 2014), high performance liquid chromatography (He & Lee, 2006;Seebunrueng, Santaladchaiyakit, & Srijaranai, 2014), liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (Ingelse, van Dam, Vreeken, Mol, & Steijger, 2001;Li et al, 2013;Mol, van Dam, & Steijger, 2003) , chemiluminescence (Chen, Lin, Cai, Chen, & Wang, 2008;Li, He, & Xu, 2007;Li, Hu, Huo, & Xu, 2006;Wang, Zhang, Wang, Yang, & Zhang, 2001), capillary electrophoresis-quantum dot/laser induced detection (CE-QD/LIF) (Chen & Fung, 2010) and biosensor (Sun & Wang, 2010). However, these methods require expensive instruments and lengthy analytical times.…”