Streams in the Urban Landscape

Paul, Michael J.; Meyer, Judy L.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114040

Cited by 2,488 publications

(1,840 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…It is known that the pollution and discharge of sewage alters the microbial community of freshwater environments (Paul and Meyer, 2001;Walsh et al, 2005;Girones et al, 2010). However, there is still a need to establish biological standards that can evaluate the water quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the modern world, extensive and growing urbanisation is a threat to the ecosystem of streams, through factors associated with the discharge of sewage. This phenomenon has been called "urban stream syndrome" (Paul and Meyer, 2001). Some paper explores mechanisms driving the syndrome, and identifies appropriate goals and methods for ecological restoration of urban streams (Komínková, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the microbial community in a lotic environment to assess the effect of pollution on nitrifying and potentially pathogenic bacteria

et al. 2014

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This study aimed to investigate microbes involved in the nitrogen cycle and potentially pathogenic bacteria from urban and rural sites of the São Pedro stream. Water samples were collected from two sites. A seasonal survey of bacterial abundance was conducted. The dissolved nutrient content was analysed. PCR and FISH analysis were performed to identify and quantify microbes involved in the nitrogen cycle and potentially pathogenic bacteria. The seasonal survey revealed that the bacterial abundance was similar along the year on the rural area but varied on the urban site. Higher concentration of dissolved nutrients in the urban area indicated a eutrophic system. Considering the nitrifying microbes, the genus Nitrobacter was found, especially in the urban area, and may act as the principal bacteria in converting nitrite into nitrate at this site. The molecular markers napA, amoA, and nfrA were more accumulated at the urban site, justifying the higher content of nutrients metabolised by these enzymes. Finally, high intensity of amplicons from Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Bacteroides/Prevotella/Porphyromonas, Salmonella, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and the diarrheagenic lineages of E. coli were observed at the urban site. These results indicate a change in the structure of the microbial community imposed by anthrophic actions. The incidence of pathogenic bacteria in aquatic environments is of particular importance to public health, emphasising the need for sewage treatment to minimise the environmental impacts associated with urbanisation.Keywords: lotic environment, urbanisation, pollution, nitrifying microbes, pathogenic bacteria.Caracterização da comunidade microbiana em um ambiente lótico para acessar o efeito da poluição em bactérias nitrificantes e potencialmente patogênicas ResumoEste estudo objetivou investigar os micro-organismos envolvidos no ciclo do nitrogênio e bactérias potencialmente patogênicas das áreas urbanas e rurais do Córrego São Pedro. Amostras de água foram coletadas dos dois locais. Um levantamento sazonal da densidade bacteriana foi realizado. O teor de nutriente dissolvido foi avaliado. As técnicas de PCR e FISH foram realizadas para identificar e quantificar os micro-organismos envolvidos no ciclo do nitrogênio e bactérias potencialmente patogênicas. O levantamento sazonal revelou que a abundância bacteriana foi semelhante ao longo do ano na área rural, porém variou na região urbana. Altas concentrações de nutrientes dissolvidos na área urbana indicaram este como um sistema eutrófico. Considerando os micro-organismos nitrificantes, o gênero Nitrobacter foi encontrado, especialmente na região urbana, e pode estar atuando como a principal bactéria convertendo nitrito em nitrato nessa área. Os marcadores moleculares napA, amoA, e nfrA foram mais acumulados na área urbana, justificando o alto teor dos nutrientes metabolizados por essas enzimas. Finalmente, alta intensidade de amplicons para Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Bacteroides/Prevotella/Porphyromonas, Salmonella, S. aureus, P. aerug...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the microbial community in a lotic environment to assess the effect of pollution on nitrifying and potentially pathogenic bacteria

et al. 2014

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“…Urbanization is a pervasive form of land cover/land use alteration that is rapidly growing (Paul and Meyer 2001). This involves conversion of croplands, forests, grasslands, pastures, wetlands and other cover types to residential, transportation, commercial and industrial uses, thereby increasing the areas of impervious surfaces (Tsegaye et al 2006) (Table 3).…”

Section: Anthropogenic Sources Affecting Water Quality In Urban Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of natural and anthropogenic factors on surface and groundwater quality in rural and urban areas

Khatri¹,

Tyagi²

2014

Frontiers in Life Science

795

283

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Although water constitutes 71% of the earth's surface, only 0.3% of it is available as fresh water for human use. Moreover, the quality of fresh water in ground and surface systems is of great concern, as potable water needs to have appropriate mineral content. Ground and surface water quality in rural and urban environments is affected by both natural processes and anthropogenic influences. Because of this, water is becoming scarcer as the population increases across the world. Natural processes leading to changes in water quality include weathering of rocks, evapotranspiration, depositions due to wind, leaching from soil, run-off due to hydrological factors, and biological processes in the aquatic environment. These natural processes cause changes in the pH and alkalinity of the water, and also phosphorus loading, increase in fluoride content and high concentrations of sulphates. Anthropogenic factors affecting water quality include impacts due to agriculture, use of fertilizers, manures and pesticides, animal husbandry activities, inefficient irrigation practices, deforestation of woods, aquaculture, pollution due to industrial effluents and domestic sewage, mining, and recreational activities. These anthropogenic influences cause elevated concentrations of heavy metals, mercury, coliforms and nutrient loads. This paper studies the effects of natural processes and human influences in rural and urban aquatic systems. Pollution due to environmental parameters such as heavy metal pollution, heavy metals and bacterial and pathogenic contamination of both urban and rural areas is discussed in detail.

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“…Surface runoff is disrupted 6 , affecting groundwater resources and increasing the potential for flooding (Paul and Meyer 2001). Freshwater resources, drawn from deep aquifers underlying the region, have been plentiful in the past.…”

Section: Water Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change Projections for the United States Midwest

Wuebbles

Hayhoe

2004

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

139

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Abstract. Environmental and societal factors such as air quality, water quality and availability, land use changes and expanding urbanization are already affecting human health and welfare, agriculture, and natural ecosystems in the Midwestern United States. Over this century, these existing stresses will likely be exacerbated by climate changes resulting from human activities. It is essential that policy decisions aimed at preserving the well-being of a region be informed by a good understanding of the region's climate, how climate might change, and the uncertainties inherent in future projections. Recent updates in climate modeling expertise and an expanded view of possible non-intervention emission scenarios have narrowed the range of change that can be expected over the Midwest throughout the next century in some ways, while broadening it in others. In contrast to previous studies, which generally consider a mid-range scenario for future emissions, this study presents the range of change that would result from low to high scenarios for climate change. In this way we account for uncertainties in anthropogenic forcing on climate change in the region and quantify the potential effects of human actions on future climate. This analysis also combines the latest climate model projections with historical records of observed climate over the past century, effectively placing potential changes in extreme event frequencies such as heavy rainfall events and temperature threshold exceedances within the context of observed variability over the past century. The purpose of this study is to provide an updated picture of the potential impacts of climate change on the Midwest to inform the impact assessment and policy development community. From the magnitude of the changes projected by this study, it is clear that these must be included in future policy decisions in order to ensure the successful adaptation and survival of existing human and natural systems in the Midwest.

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Streams in the Urban Landscape

Cited by 2,488 publications

References 143 publications

Characterization of the microbial community in a lotic environment to assess the effect of pollution on nitrifying and potentially pathogenic bacteria

Characterization of the microbial community in a lotic environment to assess the effect of pollution on nitrifying and potentially pathogenic bacteria

Influences of natural and anthropogenic factors on surface and groundwater quality in rural and urban areas

Climate Change Projections for the United States Midwest

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