Strength and Conditioning Practices in Adolescent Rugby Players: Relationship With Changes in Physical Qualities

Weakley, Jonathon; Till, Kevin; Darrall-Jones, Joshua David; Roe, Gregory; Phibbs, Padraic J.; Read, Dale B.; Jones, Ben

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001828

Cited by 45 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Within England, the complex multi-sport and multienvironment may not be optimal to manage associated positive and negative outcomes. This has resulted in eight studies examining training exposure across school [9,[45][46][47], club [47] and academy [9,13,45,[47][48][49][50] players (Table 3).…”

Section: Training Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five studies [13,45,46,48,50] have quantified the total training exposure of age-grade RU players inclusive of rugby, gym and other training activity. Total training exposure was reported as 190 h per season in academy players compared to 72 h in school players [45].…”

Section: All Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total training exposure was reported as 190 h per season in academy players compared to 72 h in school players [45]. The average total weekly session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) during training was 1810 ± 391 AU for senior academy players during pre-season [50], 1014 ± 1016 AU for school players during in-season [46], 1217 ± 64 AU (excluding matches) and 1425 ± 545 AU (including matches) for academy players during in-season periods [13,48]. Findings suggest increased training exposure at higher playing levels, as expected, with exposures for U18 players below those reported within senior RU [51,52].…”

Section: All Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field training exposure has been quantified by duration [45,46], sRPE [13,32,[47][48][49], locomotor (e.g. total distance [9,13,[47][48][49]) and internal (e.g.…”

Section: Field Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five studies have considered the gym training of youth RU players [13,45,46,48,50]. Academy players have greater absolute and relative (27% of training exposure) resistance training time compared to school players (13% of training exposure) [45] with similar total percentage exposure represented in senior academy players (approximately 33-50% per week [50]).…”

Section: Gym Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applied Sport Science for Male Age-Grade Rugby Union in England

et al. 2020

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Rugby union (RU) is a skill-collision team sport played at junior and senior levels worldwide. Within England, agegrade rugby governs the participation and talent development of youth players. The RU player development pathway has recently been questioned, regarding player performance and well-being, which sport science research can address. The purpose of this review was to summarise and critically appraise the literature in relation to the applied sport science of male age-grade RU players in England focussing upon (1) match-play characteristics, (2) training exposures, (3) physical qualities, (4) fatigue and recovery, (5) nutrition, (6) psychological challenges and development, and (7) injury. Current research evidence suggests that age, playing level and position influence the match-play characteristics of age-grade RU. Training exposures of players are described as 'organised chaos' due to the multiple environments and stakeholders involved in coordinating training schedules. Fatigue is apparent up to 72 h post match-play. Well-developed physical qualities are important for player development and injury risk reduction. The nutritional requirements are high due to the energetic costs of collisions. Concerns around the psychological characteristics have also been identified (e.g. perfectionism). Injury risk is an important consideration with prevention strategies available. This review highlights the important multi-disciplinary aspects of sport science for developing age-grade RU players for continued participation and player development. The review describes where some current practices may not be optimal, provides a framework to assist practitioners to effectively prepare age-grade players for the holistic demands of youth RU and considers areas for future research. Key PointsAge, playing level and position influence the matchplay characteristics and training exposure of agegrade RU players within England. Coaches and administrators should understand the complexity of match-play and training within age-grade RU and carefully plan and schedule competition and training to optimise long-term player development and participation within the sport. A broad range of physical qualities including body size, speed, change of direction speed, high-intensity running ability and muscular strength and power are important for player development alongside injury prevention and should be strongly considered within the programmes of age-grade RU players. The consideration of training exposure, fatigue and recovery, physical development, nutrition, psychological development and injury management are key topics that inform coach and key stakeholders education for maximising participation and long-term player development of age-grade RU players.

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Section: Training Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: All Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: All Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field training exposure has been quantified by duration [45,46], sRPE [13,32,[47][48][49], locomotor (e.g. total distance [9,13,[47][48][49]) and internal (e.g.…”

Section: Field Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gym Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applied Sport Science for Male Age-Grade Rugby Union in England

et al. 2020

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The effects of traditional, superset, and tri-set resistance training structures on perceived intensity and physiological responses

et al. 2017

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PurposeInvestigate the acute and short-term (i.e., 24 h) effects of traditional (TRAD), superset (SS), and tri-set (TRI) resistance training protocols on perceptions of intensity and physiological responses.MethodsFourteen male participants completed a familiarisation session and three resistance training protocols (i.e., TRAD, SS, and TRI) in a randomised-crossover design. Rating of perceived exertion, lactate concentration ([Lac]), creatine kinase concentration ([CK]), countermovement jump (CMJ), testosterone, and cortisol concentrations was measured pre, immediately, and 24-h post the resistance training sessions with magnitude-based inferences assessing changes/differences within/between protocols.ResultsTRI reported possible to almost certainly greater efficiency and rate of perceived exertion, although session perceived load was very likely lower. SS and TRI had very likely to almost certainly greater lactate responses during the protocols, with changes in [CK] being very likely and likely increased at 24 h, respectively. At 24-h post-training, CMJ variables in the TRAD protocol had returned to baseline; however, SS and TRI were still possibly to likely reduced. Possible increases in testosterone immediately post SS and TRI protocols were reported, with SS showing possible increases at 24-h post-training. TRAD and SS showed almost certain and likely decreases in cortisol immediately post, respectively, with TRAD reporting likely decreases at 24-h post-training.ConclusionsSS and TRI can enhance training efficiency and reduce training time. However, acute and short-term physiological responses differ between protocols. Athletes can utilise SS and TRI resistance training, but may require additional recovery post-training to minimise effects of fatigue.

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Methods of Monitoring Internal and External Loads and Their Relationships with Physical Qualities, Injury, or Illness in Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review and Best-Evidence Synthesis

et al. 2023

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Background With the increasing professionalisation of youth sports, training load monitoring is increasingly common in adolescent athletes. However, the research examining the relationship between training load and changes in physical qualities, injury, or illness in adolescent athletes is yet to be synthesised in a systematic review. Objective The aim of this review was to systematically examine the research assessing internal and external methods of monitoring training load and physical qualities, injury, or illness in adolescent athletes. Methods Systematic searches of SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, CINAHL and SCOPUS were undertaken from the earliest possible records to March 2022. Search terms included synonyms relevant to adolescents, athletes, physical qualities, injury, or illness. To be eligible for inclusion, articles were required to (1) be original research articles; (2) be published in a peer-reviewed journal; (3) include participants aged between 10 and 19 years and participating in competitive sport; (4) report a statistical relationship between a measure of internal and/or external load and physical qualities, injury or illness. Articles were screened and assessed for methodological quality. A best-evidence synthesis was conducted to identify trends in the relationships reported. Results The electronic search yielded 4125 articles. Following screening and a review of references, 59 articles were included. The most commonly reported load monitoring tools were session ratings of perceived exertion (n = 29) and training duration (n = 22). Results of the best-evidence synthesis identified moderate evidence of positive relationships between resistance training volume load and improvement in strength, and between throw count and injury. However, evidence for other relationships between training load and change in physical qualities, injury, or illness were limited or inconsistent. Conclusions Practitioners should consider monitoring resistance training volume load for strength training. Additionally, where appropriate, monitoring throw counts may be useful in identifying injury risk. However, given the lack of clear relationships between singular measures of training load with physical qualities, injury, or illness, researchers should consider multivariate methods of analysing training load, as well as factors that may mediate the load–response relationship, such as maturation.

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Strength and Conditioning Practices in Adolescent Rugby Players: Relationship With Changes in Physical Qualities

Cited by 45 publications

References 37 publications

Applied Sport Science for Male Age-Grade Rugby Union in England

Applied Sport Science for Male Age-Grade Rugby Union in England

The effects of traditional, superset, and tri-set resistance training structures on perceived intensity and physiological responses

Methods of Monitoring Internal and External Loads and Their Relationships with Physical Qualities, Injury, or Illness in Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review and Best-Evidence Synthesis

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