Strengthening and Implementing the Global Response

Coninck, H.C. de; Revi, Aromar; Babiker, Muneef; Bertoldi, P. von; Buckeridge, Marcos Silveira; Cartwright, Andrea; Wang, Dong; Ford, Julie; Fuss, Sabine; Hourcade, J-C; Ley, Debora; Mechler, Reinhard; Newman, Peggy; Revokatova, A.; Schultz, Sayard; Steg, Linda; Sugiyama, T.

doi:10.1017/9781009157940.006

Cited by 18 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Climate change (CC) is shaping the political and scientific debate at the global level with increasing urgency. It is clear that this challenge requires the contribution of all actors in different fields, guises, and levels of governance [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] ]. Along with international and national commitments, local governments are involved in implementing specific actions to tackle CC, as cities are widely recognized as responsible for Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions while being affected by CC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are European cities achieving emission reduction commitments? A comparative analysis under the Covenant of Mayors initiative

Lucchitta,

Palermo,

Melica

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are European cities achieving emission reduction commitments? A comparative analysis under the Covenant of Mayors initiative

Lucchitta,

Palermo,

Melica

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…The largest obstacle we face in our generation is climate change. To meet the temperature criterion of 1.5 • C laid down by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, it is imperative to identify technically reliable, commercially significant, environmentally friendly, and safe solutions [6,7]. The global response to greenhouse gases is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Hu,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Energies

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Due to high greenhouse gas emissions, countries worldwide are stepping up their emission reduction efforts, and the global demand for new, carbon-free fuels is growing. Ammonia (NH3) fuels are popular due to their high production volume, high energy efficiency, ease of storage and transportation, and increased application in power equipment. However, their physical characteristics (e.g., unstable combustion, slow flame speed, and difficult ignition) limit their use in power equipment. Based on the structural properties of the power equipment, NH3 fuel application and emissions characteristics were analyzed in detail. Combustion of NH3 fuels and reduction measures for NOx emissions (spark plug ignition, compression ignition, and gas turbines) were analyzed from various aspects of operating conditions (e.g., mixed fuel, fuel-to-exhaust ratio, and equivalence ratio), structure and strategy (e.g., number of spark plugs, compression ratio (CR), fuel injection, and ignition mode), and auxiliary combustion techniques (e.g., preheating, humidification, exhaust gas recirculation, and secondary air supply). The performance of various NH3 fuel cell (FC) types was analyzed, with a focus on the maximum power achievable for different electrolyte systems. Additionally, the application and NOx emissions of indirect NH3 FCs were evaluated under flame and catalytic combustion conditions. The system efficiency of providing heat sources by burning pure NH3, anode tail gas, and NH3 decomposition gas was also compared. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the key factors influencing the performance and emissions of NH3-powered equipment were identified. The challenges and limitations of NH3-powered equipment were summarized, and potential strategies for improving efficiency and reducing emissions were proposed. These findings provide valuable insights for the future development and application of NH3 FCs.

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Novel BECCS implementation integrating chemical looping combustion with oxygen uncoupling and a kraft pulp mill cogeneration plant

Peltola

Kuparinen

Kaikko

et al. 2023

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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Bioenergy with CO2 capture and storage (BECCS) is a promising negative emission technology (NET). When using sustainably produced biomass as fuel, BECCS allows the production of power and heat with negative CO2 emissions. The main technical challenges hindering the deployment of BECCS technologies include energy penalties associated with the capture process. This work evaluates the performance of an advanced CO2 capture technology, chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU), replacing a conventional fluidized bed boiler in the power boiler role in a large, modern integrated pulp and paper mill. Results from a MATLAB/Simulink reactor model were incorporated in a plant and integration model developed in a commercial process simulation software to quantify the performance of the CLOU-integrated cogeneration plant. The results show that in this specific application, the typically already low efficiency penalty of CLOU-based carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems could be eliminated entirely, and actually even a very small efficiency gain could be obtained. The highly efficient operation is possible due to the high moisture and hydrogen contents of the biomass and the separation of combustion products and excess air streams in the CLOU process; this provides an opportunity to recover a significant amount of heat by flue gas condensation at a higher temperature level than what is possible in a conventional boiler. Together with abundant low-temperature heat sinks available at the pulp and paper application allows freeing a considerable amount of low-pressure steam for expansion in the condensing turbine. The resulting increase in gross generator output proved enough to not only match, but very slightly exceed the approximately 18 MW parasitic load introduced by the CLOU system in comparison to the conventional boiler.

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Strengthening and Implementing the Global Response

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Are European cities achieving emission reduction commitments? A comparative analysis under the Covenant of Mayors initiative

Are European cities achieving emission reduction commitments? A comparative analysis under the Covenant of Mayors initiative

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Novel BECCS implementation integrating chemical looping combustion with oxygen uncoupling and a kraft pulp mill cogeneration plant

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