Strengthening and tribological surface self-adaptability of Ti3AlC2 by incorporation of Sn to form Ti3Al(Sn)C2 solid solutions

Fabrication, mechanical properties, and tribological behaviors of Ti2AlC and Ti2AlSn0.2C solid solutions

“…The same kind of results has been obtained in other 211 MAX phase, such as in Cr 2 Al(Si)C and (Ti,Nb) 2 AlC solid solutions [17,29]. By contrast, significant hardening and strengthening effect has been shown in that with substitution into A site of 312 MAX phase [7][8][9][10]. Zhou et al [7] showed that flexural strength and microhardness of Ti 3 Al 0.75 Sn 0.25 C 2 solid solution are enhanced by 12% and 26%, respectively, compared with those of single-phase Ti 3 AlC 2 .…”

“…3(c), there exists no other impurity phase; nevertheless, Al 2 O 3 has been formed due to reaction of Al with oxygen that is present as an absorbed species at the original powder surface. A small amount of Al 2 O 3 is commonly observed in Al-containing MAX phase, like Ti 3 Al(Sn)C 2 [9,10] and Cr 2 Al(Si)C [17]. The grains of Ti 2 AlSn 0.2 C are lined up tightly as shown in Fig.…”

“…Zhai et al [22] and Huang et al [23] reported that due to the oxide film with self-lubricating effect on the friction surface, Ti 3 SiC 2 and Ti 3 AlC 2 exhibit excellent tribological properties sliding against low-carbon steel. Xu et al [9] and Huang et al [10] added 0.2Sn and 0.4Sn to fabricate Ti 3 Al(Sn)C 2 solid solutions; the experimental investigation showed that micro-Vickers hardness is about 12% higher and the flexural strength is increased by 51% and 67% respectively, compared with Ti 3 AlC 2 . Moreover, Ti 3 Al(Sn)C 2 solid solutions showed excellent tribological properties during dry sliding against a low-carbon steel disk.…”

“…In recent ten years, many researches in tribological study of MAX phases like Ti 3 SiC 2 and Ti 3 AlC 2 and MAX matrix composite materials have been conducted [9,10,[18][19][20][21][22][23]. Gonzalez-Julian et al [19] consolidated the Cr 2 AlC/SiC fiber composites to evaluate the tribological properties of Cr 2 AlC, and found that the friction decreases up to 20% while the wear resistance increases up to 80% for Cr 2 AlC/10SiC composite.…”

“…Due to the similar layered structure and similar characteristics in the same location of different elements, the study of MAX phase solid solutions likewise aroused the interest of researchers [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In the existing researches, solid solutions like (Cr 1x V x ) 2 AlC [4,5], Ti 3 Si(Al)C 2 [6][7][8], Ti 3 Al(Sn)C 2 [9][10][11][12], and Ti 2 AlC 0.5 N 0.5 [13] have been reported to possess improved flexural strength, hardness, tribological properties, thermal expansion coefficient, etc. MAX phases and their solid solutions are demonstrated to have considerable advantages of unique nanolamellar crystal structure, high strength, resistance to elevated temperature decomposition and chemical corrosion, and so on.…”